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Published byFelix Jayson Parsons Modified over 9 years ago
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ROCKS AND MINERALS
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GEOLOGY Science of our plant Earth MAGMA Earth's molten liquid rock Cools and starts to crystallize Forms solid minerals Two or more minerals = rock
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MINERALS Basic building block of rocks 2000 types of minerals Only 20 are common 95% of all rocks in existence Salt, graphite and gemstones are examples
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HOW TO DISTINGUISH MINERALS Tests to Identify and Classify Streak test – true color of specimen Luster test – shine or reflection Hardness – scratch resistent or abrasive Cleavage – how the mineral breaks Crystalline structure – most important clue
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MINERALS
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ROCK CYCLE
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TYPES OF ROCKS Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks
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IGNEOUS ROCKS Means fire-formed Magma below crust is liquid rock Lava when it reaches the surface
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IGNEOUS ROCKS Extrusive Igneous Rock Rock formed after lava on surface cools and solidifies
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IGNEOUS ROCKS Inclusive Igneous Rock Rock formed when magma below the crust cools and solidifies Granite 75% of Earth's crust Yosemite National Park
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WEATHERING & PLATE TECTONICS Plate tectonics uplift and re-arrange land Weathering and Erosion Expose Inclusive Igneous rocks Exposed rocks are broken down and transported
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Broken and transported rock fragments Called sediment Settle at low points Sediment is compacted and cemented Lithification Form Sedimentary rocks
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Small percentage of crust 70% of exposed rock Help geologists learn about Earth's past
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Contain fossils Preserved remains of plants and animals that lived long ago Mostly hard parts (shells, bones and teeth) of organisms Help determine past life and environments
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FOSSILS
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS Means to change form Created when igneous or sedimentary rocks transform
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS Changes are caused by heat and pressure Excessive heat and pressure can cause rocks to melt When re-solidified a new igneous rock is formed
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ROLE IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Stone Age Tools, shelter and weapons Wars to gain other countries resources Industrial Revolution Begin use of fossil fuels for energy
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WORK WITH ROCKS & MINERALS Construction Industry Limestone and gypsum = cement Lapidarist Cut, polish and perfect crystals for jewelry Paleontologist Uncover, examine and identify fossils
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EARTH'S RESOURCES Fossil fuels Oil, gas, coal Non-renewable resource Alternative renewable energy resources Recycling
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ROCKS AND MINERALS
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QUIZ QUESTION #1 What is the general name for the material that forms a unique crystal shape?
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QUIZ QUESTION #2 A combination of different minerals form what object?
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QUIZ QUESTION #3 Within the Earth, what happens to the rock when it is exposed to very high temperatures?
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QUIZ QUESTION #4 What type of rock is made up of slowly buried sediments that were later cemented together by dissolved minerals?
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QUIZ QUESTION #5 How is a metamorphic rock formed?
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QUIZ QUESTION #6 How do people use rocks in their everyday lives?
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QUIZ QUESTION #7 Why is recycling important?
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QUIZ QUESTION #8 True or False Salt is a mineral.
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QUIZ QUESTION #9 True or False Fossils provide important evidence of how life existed in the past and reveal clues about their environment.
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QUIZ QUESTION #10 True or False Igneous rock means “water-formed”.
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