1. Creativity Solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways Convergent thinking- a problem is thought to have one solution and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer by using previous knowledge and logic Divergent thinking- start at one point and come up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point

2. Intelligence The ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems

3. Measuring Intelligence Alfred Binet: distinguish between fast and slow learners Mental age: the average age at which children could successfully answer a particular level of questions Stanford-Binet: IQ=MA/CA x 100 Wechsler tests: verbal and nonverbal subtests; all age ranges

4. Test Construction Validity: the degree to which a test actually measures what it’s supposed to measure Reliability: the test produces consistent results each time it’s given to the same person or group of people Standardization: give test to large group of people that represents the kind of people for whom the test is designed Norms: scores from the standardization group; standards against which all others who take test are compared

5. Individual Differences in Intelligence Mental retardation (developmental delay): IQ below 70 and adaptive functioning severely below level appropriate for age Giftedness: IQ above 130; genius IQ above 140 Terman’s Termites: socially well adjusted; more resistant to mental illness

6. Theories of Intelligence Spearman’s G factor: general intelligence or ability to reason and solve problems S factor: specific intelligence or the ability to excel in certain areas Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences: 9 types of intelligence

7. Theories of Intelligence 2 Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory: analytical intelligence: ability to break problems down into component parts; “book smarts” creative intelligence: ability to deal with new and different concepts ; come up with new ways of solving problems (divergent thinking) practical thinking: “street smarts”; ability to use information to get along in life

8. Emotional Intelligence Awareness of and ability to manage one’s own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled Goleman: emotional intelligence more powerful influence on success in life than more traditional views of intelligence