1. January 11, 20041 NOAA’s Ecosystem Approach and Plans John H. Dunnigan, Ecosystem Goal Lead Presentation to Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee January 11, 2005

2. January 11, 20042 The Ultimate Ecosystem

3. January 11, 20043 Overview of Ecosystem Goal The Ecosystem Goal addresses that part of NOAA’s mission to protect, restore and manage the use of coastal and ocean resources. 9 programs directly support achieving NOAA’s ecosystem goal: Habitat Corals Coastal and Marine Resources Protected Species Fisheries Management Aquaculture Enforcement Ecosystem Observations Ecosystem Research U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy recommends a new era in NOAA leadership of the oceans agencies and communities at large. NOAA is uniquely positioned, by its mandates and capabilities related to science, stewardship and services, to become the government’s integrated ecosystems leader.

4. January 11, 20044 Ecosystem Mission Goal Programs 9 Programs, 7 Matrix Ecosystem Research Program - NURP - Ocean Exploration - AOML & GLERL Manager: Leon Cammen Ecosystem Observations Program without COTS - NODC Manager: Steve Murawski Protected Species Program Manager: Laurie Allen Coastal & Marine Resources Program - CRM - NMSP, NERRS, MPA Center - Ecological Forecasting (e.g., HABs) - Place-based Approaches Manager: Doug Brown Fisheries Management Program Manager: Galen Tromble Aquaculture Program Manager: Michael Rubino Enforcement Program - NMSP Enforcement Manager: Dale Jones Habitat Program - Habitat Conservation - Essential Fish Habitat - Invasive Species Manager: Rolland Schmitten Corals Program with Cold Water Corals Manager: Dave Kennedy matrix programs

5. January 11, 20045 NOAA Strategic Plan FY05 - FY10 2005 to 2010 Strategic Plan The Ecosystem Goal: “Protect, restore and manage the use of coastal and ocean resources through an ecosystem approach to management.” Outcomes: Healthy and productive coastal and marine ecosystems that benefit society A well informed public that acts as a steward of coastal and marine ecosystems Strategy to achieve this goal: “Engage and collaborate with our partners to achieve regional objectives by delineating regional ecosystems, forming regional ecosystem councils, and implementing cooperative strategies to improve regional ecosystem health.”

6. January 11, 20046 NOAA Definitions What is an ecosystem? An ecosystem is a geographically specified system of organisms (including humans), the environment, and the processes that control its dynamics. What is an ecosystem approach to management? An ecosystem approach to management is geographically specified, adaptive, takes account of ecosystem knowledge and uncertainties, considers multiple external influences, and strives to balance diverse societal objectives. Implementation needs to be incremental and collaborative.

7. January 11, 20047 California Current Gulf of Mexico Great Lakes South Atlantic North Atlantic Distribution of the Population (by region) in 2000 Population Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2000 Gulf of Mexico 13% Great Lakes 15% North Atlantic 37% California Current 25% South Atlantic 10% Regional Ecosystem CDA and EDA Population in 2000 Gulf of Mexico16621632 Great Lakes18723701 North Atlantic 47348802 California Current32405675 South Atlantic12175118 Total127274928 Humans are part of ecosystems

8. January 11, 20048 Ecosystem Management: A Paradigm Shift FROM TO Individual Issues Ecosystems Small spatial scaleMultiple scales Short-term perspective Long-term perspective Humans: independent of ecosystem Humans: integral part of ecosystems Management divorced from research Adaptive management Managing commodities Sustaining production potential for goods and services

9. January 11, 20049 Ecosystem Management: A Paradigm Shift FROM TO

10. January 11, 200410 NOAA Delineation of Regional Ecosystems August 31- Sept 1 Workshop in Charleston, SC Co-chaired by Paul Sandifer (USCOP) and Doug DeMaster (Ecosystem Goal) Key Federal Agencies (e.g. EPA, FWS, USGS, FS, NRCS, COE, Navy, MMS, etc.) Academics and NGOs, (e.g., Heinz, USCOP, South Atlantic/ Caribbean and Western Pacific FMCs, Atlantic Inter. Comm., TNC, etc.) States (SC, MS, MN, AK, HI)

11. January 11, 200411 Background: Large Marine Ecosystems What are Large Marine Ecosystems (LME)? Regions of the coast/ocean defined by: bathymetry, hydrography, productivity, and trophic interactions. Who uses LMEs and the LME approach? EPA/NOAA US Coastal Condition Report United Nations Environmental Programs (UNEP) Global Environment Facility/World Bank (GEF) World Conservation Union (IUCN) University of British Columbia - The Sea Around Us project

12. January 11, 200412 U.S. Regional Ecosystems

13. January 11, 200413 IOOS Regional Association

14. January 11, 200414 Inland Boundaries 438 Estuarine Drainage Areas (EDA) 67 Fluvial Drainage Areas (FDAs) 11 Interior watershed areas* Area in km 2 EDAs 942,792 (12%) FDAs 5,373,130 (69%) Interior1,463,348 (19%) Coastal Assessment Framework (CAF) Estuarine Drainage Area = component of a watershed that drains directly to estuarine or ocean waters. Fluvial Drainage Area = upstream component of a watershed (i.e., downstream boundary defined by head of tide). Interior watershed = self contained, groundwater- contributing only, or draining to outside the U.S.

15. January 11, 200415 Diadromous Fish Habitat

16. January 11, 200416 Potential alternatives to further delineation of regional ecosystems NERRS TNC NACECMRC

17. January 11, 200417 NOAA Plan to Move Forward Delineate Regional Ecosystems based on Large Marine Ecosystems Further sub-division based on scientific and programmatic regional needs in coordination with stakeholders Initial inland boundary = coastal watershed and inland diadromous fish habitat with further coordination at regional level

18. January 11, 200418 Next Steps, continued The NOAA Ecosystems Goal Team is moving forward to elaborate a strategy for continuing to move forward Refine and articulate the definition and vision for Ecosystems Lead by Example -- Emphasize collaboration among NOAA activities within ecosystems Engage Partners and Stakeholders Case studies

19. January 11, 200419 Conclusion/Discussion Adaptive ecosystem approach clearly will be incremental and must be collaborative NOAA’s Programs will need to be re-engineered to fit the regional needs for each ecosystem NOAA must move forward as quickly as possible to begin taking steps toward the ecosystem approach

20. January 11, 200420 The Ultimate Ecosystem

21. January 11, 200421 NOAA’s Ecosystem Approach and Plans John H. Dunnigan, Ecosystem Goal Lead Presentation to Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee January 11, 2005