1. Life in Balance – Reality for Higher Education Graduates? Some Austrian and Italian Results based on the REFLEX-Project-Survey 2005, coordinated by ROA, financed by the EU

2. Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister Work Life Flexibility – Who? When? How long? What? Where? Earnings/ Career Challenging work/ Learn new things Leisure / Family Fields of Study Employer SocietyIndividual Person Balance? Health? Real Conditions? Orientations?

3. Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

5. Austria Importance (54% explained)Realization (57% explained) Career orientation  High earnings (.823)  Good career prospects (.741)  Social status (.660) Career orientation  High earnings (.761)  Good career prospects (.734)  Social status (.611) Challenging work  New challenges (.802)  to learn new things (.772)  Work autonomy (.574) Challenging work  New challenges (.759)  to learn new things (.745)  Work autonomy (.629) Life Orientation  Good chance to combine work with family tasks (.703)  Enough time for leisure activities (.688) Life Orientation  Good chance to combine work with family tasks (.838)  Enough time for leisure activities (.833) Italy Importance (50% expl.)Realization (58% expl.) Career orientation  High earnings (.774)  Good career prospects (.714)  Social status (.608) Job Security  Job security (.815)  High earnings (.674) Challenging work  to learn new things (.729)  New challenges (.653)  Chance of doing something useful for society (.559) Challenging work  New challenges (.762)  to learn new things (.741)  Social status (.611) Life Orientation  Good chance to combine work with family tasks (.759)  Enough time for leisure activities (.718)  Job security (.555) Life Orientation  Good chance to combine work with family tasks (.876)  Enough time for leisure activities (.871)

6. Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

8. Career OrientationChallenging WorkLife Orientation Type of Organization ImportanceRealizationImportanceRealizationImportanceRealization Public – Private Sector Public sector (465) -,1223836-,2061607,0316830,1415806,2048138,3176626 Private non-Profit sector (142) -,3347111-,4724047-,0431142,3167483,1809827,2784764 Private Profit sector (735),2267569,2434804,0240944-,1709094-,2251126-,2351295 Int. Standard Industrial class. Manufacturing (206/200),2362838,3097211,0268166-,1828743-,2136046-,2404308 Financial intermediation (90/88),4574416,5284315,0971416-,3397236-,2793615-,1490426 Real estate, business activities,0962298,1409122,0314250,0358979-,1701468-,1800881 Public adminstration, compulsory social sector (90/87),0789994,3860709-,1737513-,0797811,0795565,4735543 Education (272/269) -,2531637-,5733577,0565947,2797933,2960960,3968231 Health and Social Work (159/155) -,0767107-,1973988,1532611,2367791,1978801-,0191753 Scope Local (127) -,1537726-,3191104,0057131-,1385038,3311069,3045735 Regional (407) -,1480644-,2164812-,0708572,1164386,1945887,2304932 National (282),0995221,0802288-,0018451-,0696814-,0733861-,0105274 International (556),2015563,2155250,1053561-,0364774-,2639626-,2252639 Size 1 - 9 (213) -,1745202-,1982740,1390224,2591246,0847493-,0125786 10 - 49 (235) -,0342619-,0542778-,1267768,0134746,0968740,0317188 50 - 99 (119) -,0657122-,2633088-,0531668,0664488,2684617,2418626 100 - 249 (129) -,1048014-,0865402,1272363-,1541572-,0894166-,0200377 250 - 999 (175),1708031-,1002598,0055185-,1659523-,1496279,0000181 1000 or more (462),2196754,2756650,0364945-,0867177-,2059737-,0830606 Role in Innovation Organization is adopting innovations mainly at forefront (730),1094176,1906537,1266728,1932254-,0965048-,0739873 Organization is adopting innovations mainly as a follower (215) -,0629040-,2779383-,0494282-,4431551,0646660,1535760 Characterization of Organization – Work Orientation and Realization (Austria)

9. Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister Career orientation Job securityChallenging WorkLife Orientation Type of Organization ImportanceRealizationImportanceRealizationImportanceRealization Public – Private Sector Public Sector (492) -,0803397-,4144486-,0100772,1001293,2078466,4046332 Private non-profit (180) -,0822781-,0735621,1576557,2073548,0392749,2584378 Private profit (1142),1025913,1995479-,0186555-,0539048-,0884924-,2356712 International Industrial classification Manufactoring (287/276),1057856,4115191,0473752-,1749637-,1459893-,2803601 Financial intermediation (164/150),2094410,6565129-,1964448-,2861735-,1173271-,2463609 Real estate, renting, business acitvities (553/522),0843201-,1118996-,0275438,1707846-,0708754-,1439938 Public administration, compulsory social security (102/96),0035970,0111112-,1381801-,0906578,2638507,6581954 Education (259/251) -,2304118-,5919496,0928362,1789301,1973341,4262993 Health and social work (145/131) -,1993511-,4927439,1510366,1632633,1554998,0929655 Scope Local (472) -,0141816-,1879282,0078832,0970657,0736342,2284720 Regional (266),0479902-,1279384,0202561,0713082,0023019,0355458 National (519),0236186,0590071-,0448054-,0608832,0579679-,0121243 International (587),0615031,1813010,0397435-,0047994-,1046663-,2429242 Size 1-9 (413),0447245-,2284925,0191945,2045951-,0957861-,0714951 10-49 (266) -,0919237-,0400064-,0400105,0440849,0605604,0503033 50-99 (147) -,1322246-,0679338,0531193-,0116390,0050576,0484786 100-249 (189) -,0433353,0763345-,0646664-,1791656,0462673-,1202289 250-999 (183),0188440,1129456-,0407499-,2062891,0289596-,2087868 1000 or more (465),0508336,1706293-,0737002-,1479113,0082475-,0058784 Role in Innovation mainly at forefront (687),1117706,0862573,0725263,1991212-,0512867-,1158398 Mainly a follower (394),0430650-,0321978-,1223443-,3203589,0375386,0911244 Characterization of Organization – Work Orientation and Realization (Italy)

10. Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

12. Career OrientationChallenging WorkLife Orientation ImportanceRealizationImportanceRealizationImportanceRealization knowledge and skills not utilized in current work (112) -,0263326-,2868684-,0370481-1,0859148,0433485,3186284 knowledge and skills highly utilized in current work (235),0571467,0746330,0701593,2013100-,0407900-,0388290 current work is not demanding more knowledge (607),0108405-,1495187,0891915-,0986118-,0146020,1328487 current work is highly demanding more knowledge (385),1116792,1488523,0416215,2212919,0269593-,1126808 I supervise staff members (431),2702226,3656677,0441229,0629514-,2742531-,3343104 no (952) -,0547006-,1493709,0159600-,0321495,0813612,1524255 Very dissatisfied (134),1016243-,6176061-,0801675-,9083070,0104163-,0378129 Very satisfied (1045),0421072,1565193,0567652,2071836-,0290261,0231057 Characterization of challenging work – Austria

13. Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister Career orientationJob securityChallenging WorkLife Orientation ImportanceRealizationImportanceRealizationImportanceRealization knowledge and skills not utilized in current work (193) -,0850526,0483160-,3063302-,7462640,0972589,0305624 knowledge and skills highly utilized in current work (1271),0250458-,0596928,1068052,2408368-,0114076-,0041247 current work is not demanding more knowledge (817) -,0130034,0296531-,0169690-,1386344,0157650,0654434 current work is highly demanding more knowledge (432),0601166-,0885797,1594429,3084573-,0240841-,1175344 I supervise staff members (670),1226153,2146617,0256583,1965684-,1135198-,1504233 no (1262) -,0448191-,1061379-,0106813-,1006431,0812917,0781688 (Very) dissatisfied (320) -,0347560-,3622470-,0920212-,8183497,0875948-,0528915 (Very) satisfied (1125),0464014,1140385,0890353,3690642,0111679,0416243 Characterization of challenging work – Italy

14. Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister

16. Main results:  Life Orientation as an important value is corresponding with Study Fields like Education and Humanities  Life orientation seems to determine the decision for the type of organzation of work in favor of  the Public Sector,  Local organizations  with between 50 and 100 employees. The high use of knowledge or even demanding more corresponds with + ‘Realization of Challenging Work’ -‘Life Orientation’. A management position and supervising others is related to + ‘Career Orientation’ - ‘Life Orientation’ (apparently more for Austrian graduates).

17. Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister ‘Life Orientation’  Gender differences slightly more clear in Austria than in Italy, where the importance is more or less the same for male and female graduates.  Reason of better realization for employed mothers:  they work parttime.  Satisfaction of graduates with their working situation all three dimensions are important – although the callenging work seems to be the focus in the first years of career.

18. Dr. Gunhild Sagmeister Thank you for your attention