1. Shipowner’s liability oProfessor Erik Røsæg oNordisk institutt for sjørett oerik.rosag@jus.uio.no ofolk.uio.no/erikro

2. The owners o“Reder” oOwners oOwner pro hac vice oDifferent kinds of companies oLimited company oPartnership oLimited partnership oOther organizations oJoint ventures oManagement 2

3. Different helpers oAgents oStevedores oManager oPilots and tugs oShipyards oFire department and other public services 3

4. Characteristics of torts law oBasis of liability oCausation oLoss oMitigation oInsurance 4

5. Diffferent kinds of claims oContractual and extra-contractual oPersonal injuries oCollision and other property damage oConsequential losses oLoss not in connection with personal injuries or property damage oPure economic loss oPure environmental damage 5

6. Negligence oIdea oRisk or blame? oCases oRt. 2011.1225 Sunna (which is a cargo damage case) 6

7. Strict liability oIdeas oEmergency, Torts Act s. 1-4 oTechnical failure oND 1921.401 Neptun oND 1952.320 Sokrates oImperfect arrangement oPolluter pays. Pollution Act, 1981, s. 55 oCases oND 1969.389 Ladogales oND 1973.348 Uthaug 7

8. Vicaronous liability oIdea oTorts Act s. 2-1 oNMC s. 151 oAnonymous and cumulative errors oPilots oPilot Act, 1989, s. 24 oND 1963.34 Prince Charles oND 1972.93 Stella Altair oContributory negligence and state services oRocknes LB-2009-163221 oCorresponding rules in contracts oCases oND 1923.289 Irma-Mignon oND 1984.122 Aeroplane in Bodø oND 1914.159 Sardinia oND 1973.343 Trygg 8

9. Collision liability oCollision convention oShip to ship collisions oThree-ship collisions oCollision and pollution oShip to shore collisions oND 1921.401 Neptun oND 1952.320 Sokrates oBoth to blame collisions oCollision and insurance 9

10. Limitation oPolicy oClaims subject to limitation oThe special regime for clean-up costs oClaims not subject to limitation oWho has the right to limit oAmounts oLimitation and insurance oProcedure 10

11. New limits The limit of liability for claims for loss of life or personal injury on ships not exceeding 2,000 gross tonnage is 3.02 million SDR (up from 2 million SDR). For larger ships, the following additional amounts are used in calculating the limitation amount: For each ton from 2,001 to 30,000 tons, 1,208 SDR (up from 800 SDR) For each ton from 30,001 to 70,000 tons, 906 SDR (up from 600 SDR) For each ton in excess of 70,000, 604 SDR (up from 400 SDR). The limit of liability for property claims for ships not exceeding 2,000 gross tonnage is 1.51 million SDR (up from 1 million SDR). For larger ships, the following additional amounts are used in calculating the limitation amount: For each ton from 2,001 to 30,000 tons, 604 SDR (up from 400 SDR) For each ton from 30,001 to 70,000 tons, 453 SDR (up from 300 SDR) For each ton in excess of 70,000 tons, 302 SDR (up from 200 SDR). 11

12. Personal injuries & property 12 2’ 30’ 70’ 100’ ton SDR

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14. Limitation - some special issues oPrivity oSingle liability oUnit limitation oMitigation oSubrogation oOwner’s costs 14

15. Recognition oECJ C-39/02 Mærsk Olie & Gas A/S v Firma M. de Haan en W. de Boer oND 2007.370 General Grot- Rowecki 15