1. + Non-fiction Introduction English I August 31, 2012

2. + Non-fiction: Our first literary genre Non-fiction is a genre of literature. What is a a genre? A class or category of art Features different forms, content, or techniques

3. + Examples: Articles, essays, letters Textbooks, biographies, autobiographies Brochures, web pages, and speeches Journals, charts, and manuals

4. + Prose A genre that is written in paragraph form with standard punctuation and grammar

5. + Punctuation Longer titles are italicized OR underlined such as: Novels Movies Newspapers Works of Art …more to come next week.

6. + Punctuation Shorter works contain quotation marks…. Short stories Songs Essays Articles More to come next week….

7. + Tips for reading Begin with the title Make predictions :“Thank You M’am”, “The House on Mango Street,”“The Model” Consider meaning Look for the author’s main idea

8. + Supporting Details Facts Statistics Quotes Anecdotes Opinions Descriptions Examples

9. + Observe visual features of text Charts Maps Headings Photos

10. + Observe organizational features of the text Compare/contrast Chronological Definition Cause and effect Problem-solution Order of importance

11. + Observe the structural features of a text These include: Parallelism Antithesis Syntax

12. + The arrangement of words within a sentence, phrase, or clause i.e. WORD ORDER S-V-Object-  sentence structure (often, but not always) “I saw that she a cookie ate” is an example of incorrect syntax.

13. + Parallelism The use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses or phrases “I came, I saw, I conquered.” I went walking, skiing, and biking.– series “For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt.”-- pair **word pattern

14. + Antithesis The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or clauses (Ex. “Give me liberty or give me death.”)

15. + Author’s Purpose To pursuade? To inform? To express? To entertain? WHAT IS IT?

16. + Purpose- Persuade Persuade- Author/organization has an agenda. They want you to “buy in” to something. Advertisements Commercials Newspaper editorials May be a very positive or negative tone- strong diction, strong connotations with bias

17. + Inform The goal is to enlighten the reader with facts. Textbooks, brochures, encyclopedias, sometimes newspaper articles Nuetral tone

18. + Expression Writer simply wants to express their own thoughts and feelings Personal narrative (includes vivid detail, may be present tense), essay (as is, free from interpretation), memoir (memory- analyzes meaning of it) Tone may vary here- look carefully at diction

19. + Entertain Tell a story or describe real or imaginary events Poems, stories, plays, etc. Lighter, more positive tone- may make you laugh or smile

20. + Things to consider Tone Diction Point of View Bias Appeals Style

21. + Tone Evaluate speaker’s striking diction Discuss options for tone Look at tone list Be sure to have lines of support for your choice.

22. + Persuasive Techniques- appeals Emotional appeals (pathos)- pity (self- esteem), vanity, fear Appeal to values (ethos)- taps into people’s morals or values Logos (logic)- facts, stats Association- transfer (good feeling), “plain folks”, bandwagon (“everyone’s doing it”), testimonial (celebrity)

23. + Bias- how to detect An unfair preference for or against a particular topic. Look for: An argument in which the evidence is unbalanced Loaded language- intensely positive or negative connotations Opinions stated as if they were facts Overgeneralizations (All teachers are weird.)