1. Homework # 13 - Pick up a half sheet from the front table.
You will use your notes and the following pages to help complete the homework for next class.
Red: pg Blue: pg
WARM-UP:
What is the best reward you have ever received? What is the worst punishment?

2. Hit List: Homework Make-up Work: side board
Grades
Review Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Partner Work
Unit Project

3. Review: Classical Conditioning
Before Conditioning:
UCS  UCR (reflex)
NS  No Response
During Conditioning:
UCS + NS  UCR
After Conditioning:
CS  CR
Before Conditioning:
Food  Salivation (reflex)
Bell  No Response
During Conditioning:
Food + Bell  Salivation
After Conditioning:
Bell  Salivation

5. Review: Classical Conditioning
Before Conditioning:
UCS  UCR (reflex)
NS  No Response
During Conditioning:
UCS + NS  UCR
After Conditioning:
CS  CR
Before Conditioning:
Altoid Mint  Recognize bad breath/take mint
Computer Noise  No Response
During Conditioning:
Altoid Mint + Computer Noise  Recognize bad breath/take mint
After Conditioning:
Computer Noise  Recognize bad breath/take mint

6. Learning
Operant Conditioning

7. B. F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning: Learning from consequences of behavior
How does this differ from classical conditioning?
Classical: experimenter presents the stimuli independent of the person’s behavior
Operant: person must engage in a behavior in order for the outcome to occur
(The rat must learn how to solve a problem of how to get food)

8. Reinforcement
A consequence that increases the likelihood a behavior to occur again
Positive reinforcement: Presenting something desirable; a reward
Ex: Money for good grades
Negative reinforcement: Taking away something you don’t like
Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache
Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on. You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping.
Examples: Social approval, money, extra privileges
What behaviors do you do to receive these reinforcement?
There are obviously reinforcers that work better than others!

9. Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous schedule: Reinforcement given every time something occurs
Ex: Get a piece of candy every time you answer a question.
Partial schedule: Reinforcement given only sometimes (4 types)
Ex: Get a piece of candy sometimes when answer a question.
Which do you think works better?
Is behavior best maintained by reinforcing every response? Why?

10. Partial Schedules of Reinforcement
Ratio: behavior is reinforced based on the frequency of responses
(Frequency: How often something occurs)
Interval: behavior reinforced based on time

11. Partial Schedules of Reinforcement
Ratio
Examples:
Fixed-Ratio: reinforcement after a fixed # of responses
Getting paid for every 5 pizzas made
Variable-Ratio: reinforcement after a varying # of responses
Playing a slot machine
Interval
Examples:
Fixed-interval: reinforcement for response after a fixed time elapsed
Getting a paycheck every Friday
Variable-interval: reinforcement for response after random time periods
Pop quizzes

12. Punishment
Unpleasant consequence which decreases a behavior to occur again.
Examples?
Punishers and reinforcements depend on the learner!

13. Partner Work Reinforcement Punishment
- Positive reinforcement: Presenting something desirable; a reward
Ex: Money for good grades
- Negative reinforcement: Taking away something you don’t like
Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache
Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on. You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping.
Punishment
- Unpleasant consequence which decreases a behavior to occur again.

14. Which one?
Indicate whether the following are PR (positive reinforcement), NR (negative reinforcement), or PN (punishment)
The police stop drivers and give awards for safe driving.
A baseball player glares at a teammate who makes an error.
A mother gives candy to the crying child at the grocery store.
You leave a building when the fire alarm sounds.
A mother smiles when her child says “Mama”

15. Social Learning Homework #14 Questions Due Tuesday 5/5/09
Red: pg Blue: pg
1. Name and describe the three types of modeling.
2. Give an example of how you have displayed self-control as behavior modification.
Due Tuesday 5/5/09