1. Behaviorism by: The Late Bloomers

3. A Brief History Developed in the 19 th century by John B Watson – Behavior is a physiological reaction to environmental stimuli Notable Behaviorists: – Burrhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner – Ivan Pavlov

4. B.F. Skinner Skinner contended that all but a few emotions were conditioned by habit, and could be learned or unlearned Positive reinforcement is more effective in the establishment of behavior Punishment only teaches people to avoid punishment

5. Behavorism How do we use it?

6. How is it used? Learning is passive. Students must learn the correct response. Learning requires external reward. knowledge is a matter of remembering information. Understanding is a matter of seeing existing patterns. Applications require "transfer of training" which requires "common elements" among problems. Teachers must direct the learning process.

7. Skinner’s Steps to Teaching Clearly specify the action or performance the student is to learn to do Break down the task into small achievable steps, going from simple to complex Let the student perform each step, reinforcing correct actions Adjust so that the student is always successful until finally the goal is reached Transfer to intermittent reinforcement to maintain the student's performance

8. Behaviorism in the classroom

9. You may be a Behaviorist if you… As a baby, you cried to get attention You expected to be rewarded by the tooth fairy You were good for Santa You worked hard in school You expect a degree or certification

10. You may be a Behaviorist if you… You dress well and groom yourself You enjoy praise for a job well done You work for a paycheck You are a law abiding citizen You’re a moral person

11. Positive aspects of Behaviorism Presents positive results in the short term Gives incentive for unmotivated students Can lead students to discover their academic strengths Can be used to help children evolve socially Can teach norms of a society Can be used in treatments for human disorders

12. Negative Aspects of Behaviorism Only accounts for observable behaviors and external stimuli Does not account for activities of the mind independent of environment Generally considered inadequate and does not account for other types of learning

13. Final Thoughts Behaviorism alone does not explain how and why people learn. Behaviorism is still a very relevant, practiced theory used in our society in homes, schools, and court systems all over the world.

14. References http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology /f/behaviorism.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology /f/behaviorism.htm https://www.msu.edu/~purcelll/behaviorism%20theor y.htm?pagewanted=all https://www.msu.edu/~purcelll/behaviorism%20theor y.htm?pagewanted=all http://www.lifecircles- inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/behaviorism.ht ml http://www.lifecircles- inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/behaviorism.ht ml http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802paper s/mergel/brenda.htm http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802paper s/mergel/brenda.htm http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et- it/behavior.htm http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et- it/behavior.htm B.F Skinner, “The Technology of Teaching” 1968