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Intonation--CMBG’s system 4 levels of pitch 4 = extra high 3 = high 2 = normal, neutral 1 = low
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Study Guide (SG) Q1 Illustrate how intonation alone can change meaning of a sentence.
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Intonation communicates meaning. “Great.” 3-1 neutral, perfunctory 4-1 enthusiastic 3... (elongated)-1 sarcastic Compare genuine “Good luck” with “Good luck” meaning you don’t have a chance.
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SG Q2 Know when to use a glide- or a step-type rising-falling intonation pattern.
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Rising-falling intonation patterns Glide versus step intonation unit ending
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SG Q3 Be able to draw & identify the following grammatical intonation patterns.
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Rising-falling intonation patterns 2-3-1: Declarative statements
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Rising-falling intonation patterns 2-3-1: Wh- questions (speaker needs information)
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Rising-falling intonation patterns 2-3-1: Commands (imperatives)
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Rising-falling intonation patterns 2-3-2: Unfinished statements (glide)
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Rising-falling intonation patterns 2-3-2: Unfinished statements (step)
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Rising-falling intonation patterns 2-3-1/3-1: Tag questions for eliciting agreement
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Rising intonation patterns 2-3 Yes-no questions (2-4 for disbelief or great surprise on a statement- ordered question)
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Rising intonation patterns 2-3 Open-choice alternative questions (may be other options, can reject all alternatives)
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Rising intonation patterns 2-3-2 / 2-3 Tag questions that are genuine questions
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Other intonation patterns 2-3, (2-3), 2-3-1 Series intonation
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Other intonation patterns 2-3, (2-3), 2-3-1 Either-or (closed choice) alternatives
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Other intonation patterns Compound or complex sentences Declarative 2-3-2 / 2-3-1 21
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Other intonation patterns Compound or complex sentences Y-N Qs 2-3-2 / 2-3
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SG Q4 List four typical problems learners have with common intonation patterns & ways to address them.
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Pedagogy Some typical problems: Learners 1) think all Qs get rising intonation 2) think all tag questions rise
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Pedagogy 3)interpret closed-choice as open- choice alternatives & answer, “Yes.” 4)use too narrow (Japanese, Spanish, Dutch NSs) or too wide (Chinese, Norwegian, Swiss German) a pitch variation
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Sample activity (p. 258) Use arrows to show up or down. A: Ready? B: No. A: Why? B: Problems. A: Problems? B: Yes. A: What? B: Babysitter.
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Sample activity (p. 263) Draw contours. N: Hi! My name is Nancy. B: Hi, Nancy. I’m Bob. N: Where are you from, Bob? B: Madison. How about you? N: I’m from New York.
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SG Q5 Specify the four components of prosody. What can it communicate beyond words’ meanings?
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Prosody Intonation, volume, tempo, rhythm Not controlling prosody can cause meaning to be misunderstood.
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Intonation & meaning Used to manage conversation: 1)Is the speaker ready for someone else to speak? 2)Is a response desired or not? 3)Is the information neutral, contrastive, or expressive (emotional )?
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