1. Aim: What were the Crusades and how did they have an impact on the world? Words of the day… (just like Sesame Street): Catharsis and Assassin

2. AIM: to what extent did the Crusades have an impact on the world?

3. Causes Turks threaten the Byzantine Empire. Byzantines ask the Pope for help. Pope Urban II gives his speech at Clermont, 1095 AD. Raise your hand. What were they? What have you already learned?

5. Peoples Crusade, 1096 Peter the Hermit, a RC monk, led an army of 100,000 peasants and unskilled fighters including women. Once they crossed into Anatolia from Constantinople they were easily defeated. And then executed or circumcised and sold into slavery.

6. German Crusade, 1096 Rather than heading for Jerusalem a German army of about 10,000 headed up the Rhine Valley wiping out all Jewish communities it encountered.

7. The Princes Crusade (The First True Crusade) August, 1096 Crusader army led by various Western European nobles and accompanied by thousands of knights. Crusaders entered Anatolia accompanied by the Byzantines but soon broke their alliance with them. This occurred after the Byzantines accept Turkish surrender.

8. Princes Crusade, 1096 Crusaders defeated the Turks and the Fatimids, capturing Antioch in 1097 and Jerusalem in 1099. Crusaders establish several Crusader Kingdoms including the Kingdom of Jerusalem and establish the religious military orders of The Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaler who are sworn to protect the “Holy Land.”

10. Crusades Peoples Crusade, 1096 German Crusade, 1096 First, 1096 Second Crusade, 1147 Northern Crusades begin, last until 1500’s Teutonic Knights invade Baltics, Eastern Europe, and Russia Saladin defeats Crusaders at Hattin, and captures Jerusalem in 1187 Third Crusade, 1187 Richard I, of England, “The Lionhearted” recaptures much of the lost territory Fourth Crusade, 1202 Crusaders turn on Constantinople and sack the city in 1204

11. Crusades (Cont.) Albigensian Crusade (in France vs. the Cathars), 1209 Children’s Crusade, 1212 All sold into slavery ● Fifth Crusade, 1219 ● Sixth Crusade, 1228 ● Seventh Crusade, 1243 ● Shepherd’s Crusade, 1251 ● Eighth Crusade, 1270 ● Ninth Crusade, 1271 ● Shepherds Crusade, 1320 ● Catholic Crusades in Spain, reconquest, until 1492

14. Now… to start thinking… How many Crusades took place? When did they take place? Where did they take place? Who were attacked by Crusaders? Why is the above font red? Use map on next page

15. Yet again geography helps us understand history. ?

16. Impact of the Crusades… more thinking How did the Crusades have an impact on the world? Which were the most effective? How? Why? Raise your hand. Participate! Think! Yes… we all know I am going to provide the answers on the next page. However, I am also taking note of your participation and thought processes right now!

17. Roman Catholic power temporarily entrenched in Western Europe. Major Jewish pogroms in Europe. Constantinople, and the Byzantine Empire, weakened. Re-conquest of Spain gains strength and eventually completed. Northern Europe finally converted to Christianity. Western European expansion into Eastern Europe.

18. Rise in radical Islamic fundamentalism E.g.: Assassins. Long lasting fear of “Crusaders” in the Middle East. Settlement of Western Europeans in Middle East and Caucasus. Do Not wear this t-shirt when on vacation in Saudi Arabia.

20. What did the Crusades introduce to Europe? Banking system, Credit system More complex use of money (More) Spices and Sugar (More) Silk and Cotton Storytelling by a minstrel Increased knowledge of Classical Greece and Rome Increased questioning of Roman Catholicism Massive increase in trade with Arabs and an increase in wealth of European Mediterranean city states such as Venice and Genoa.