1. Snow Hydrology: Microwave Interaction with Snowpack Do-Hyuk “DK” Kang Environmental Engineering University of Northern British Columbia December 5 th, 2013 Northern Hydrometeorology Group

3. Frolov and Marchert 1999, Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS

5. EM WAVE PROPAGATION TX RX TX Inan and Inan Electromagnetic Waves,

8. Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS

9. RF SYSTEM DESIGN TRANSMITTER: BY VADUM INC RECEIVER: NI VSA & PREAMP

10. LABORATORY TEST

11. Amplitudes and Histograms

12. Phase and Fourier Transforms

16. Key Words Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002 TbTb TsTs p ec freq LWC

17. Model Setup State Variables (SWE [m], Snow depth [m], Snow density [kg/m 3 ], Snow Temperature [K], and Grain Size (will be) at each layer from 1st to nth layer 1-D Column simulation both for snow physics and radiation schemes with multi-layer Hourly Met. Data needed to drive model Output: Hourly Vertical Profiles of Snowpacks, Corresponding Tb [K], emissivity [ ], and Teff [K]

18. Site Descriptions Valdai, Russia, 78~83, SMMR, 25X25 km CLPX 2002-2003, 02~03, SSM/I, AMSR-E 25X25 km

19. Coupled Model I : Snow Physics Mass Balance Energy Balance

20. Coupled Model II : Snow Radiation Kang and Barros 2010 Matzler and Wiesmann 1999

23. VALDAI

24. CLPX

29. Schanda and Matzler 1981 Willis et al. 2012 RS and Env Kang et al. 2012 Accepted in IEEE

30. Kang et al. 2012 Accepted in IEEE

31. Kang et al. 2012 Accepted in IEEE

32. Wiscomb and Warren 1980 VS Mätzler 2000 2997924 GHz = infrared 37 GHz = microwave

33. Ice-Lamellae Model (Mätzler 2000, DK imp.) Six flux theory: r, t, and e

34. Scattering: multi freq.

35. Future Topics Grain size Ice lenses within snow layers Depth hoar/surface hoar First snow Intensity (radiative trnaser) Electric Dipole Moment Impedance Matching

36. Questions

37. Schanda and Matzler 1981 Willis et al. 2012 RS and Env Kang et al. 2012 Accepted in IEEE

38. Kang et al. 2012 Accepted in IEEE

39. Kang et al. 2012 Accepted in IEEE

40. Dry Snow VS Wet Snow

41. Dry Snow Wet Snow

42. Water Presence

44. Coupled Model Kang and Barros 2010 Matzler and Wiesmann 1999

45. Matzler and Wisemann 1999 RS and Env

48. BC ministry, Environment Canada

49. VIC application to FRB

50. Summary Introduced L band Snow Sensor Simulated Snow Physics and Radiation Physics in both Valdai and CLPX 2002 Future View NCEP based model application into FRB NARR based model application into FRB expected  Paper 1: point scale snow hydrology assessment + VIC watershed scale investigation Radar response  Paper 2: grain size, LWC toward radar backscattering signals

51. Key Words Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002 pol. p ec freq Water incluson

52. Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS Colbeck 1974

55. Based on Chang et al. 1987

57. CLPX

58. VALDAI

59. CLPX

60. Outline Coupled multi-layered snow physics model with passive microwave simulator Demonstrated model performance at two different locations:1) Valdai, Russia and 2) CLPX 2002

61. Model Setup State Variables (SWE [m], Snow depth [m], Snow density [kg/m3], Snow Temperature [K], and Grain Size (will be) at each layer from 1st to nth layer 1-D Column simulation both for snow physics and radiation schemes Hourly Met. Data from RUC40 MM5 Output: Hourly Vertical Profiles of Snowpacks, Corresponding Tb, es, and Teff [K]

62. VALDAI

63. Dry Snow VS Wet Snow

64. Coupled Model II : Snow Radiation Kang and Barros 2010 Matzler and Wiesmann 1999

67. dry Snow case

68. Wet Snow case

70. Part 1: Motivations History of Snow Hydrology Model Legacy of Microwave Remote Sensing of Snowpack Challenge in measurement of snowpack Snow Hydrology Forward Radiation Coupled Model

71. Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS Colbeck 1974

72. Key Words Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002 TbTb TsTs

73. Part 2: Implementation Snow Physics Model Snow Radiation Model Challenge in measurement of snowpack Physics Model Radiation Model Coupled Model

75. Key Words Radiation Physics Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002

76. http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/outreach/Edu/Windows/irwindows.html

77. Hallikainen 1986, TGRS