1. Landforms E.8.C.5 Students know how geologic processes account for state and regional topography. E/S (DOK 2) What are Landforms? Cornell Notes in your Journal Title/QuestionsDetails/answers BrownBlue

2. Mountain  A mountain is a very tall high, natural place on Earth - higher than a hill. The tallest mountain on Earth is Mt. Everest.  Ex: Mt Charleston, &Boundary Peak

3. Mountain Range  Is a series of Mountains formed about the same time and from similar rock.  Ex: Sierra Nevada, Rocky Mts., & Spring Mts.

4. Definition: An opening in the earth, through which lava, rock, and gases are forced out There are more than 500 active volcanoes in the world Mount St. Helens

5. Valley  A valley is a low place between mountains cut by water or ice. U-Shaped by Glacier V-Shaped by River

6. Glacier  A glacier is a slowly moving river of ice. They cut “U” shaped valleys.

7. Cliff  A cliff is a steep face of rock and sediment.

8. Desert  A desert is a dry area that receives little to no precipitation.  Ex: Sahara, Mohave

9. Canyon  A canyon is a deep valley with very steep sides - often carved by a river.  Ex: Grand Canyon

10. Alluvial fan  Fan shaped area of sediment

11. Mesa  A mesa is a land formation with a flat area on top and steep walls - usually occurring in dry areas

12. Plateau  A plateau is a large, flat area of land that is higher than the surrounding land  Ex: Colorado Plateau

13. Plains  Plains are flat lands that have only small changes in elevation.  Ex: Great Plains

14. Prairie  A prairie is a wide, relatively flat area of land that has grasses and only a few trees.

15. Karst  Karst is a sinkhole formed by water erosion under the surface and then collapsing.

16. Sea Level  Sea Level is the average height, or elevation, of the sea surface. Ocean  Large body of salt water.  Pacific Ocean

17. Bay  A bay is a body of water that is partly enclosed by land (and is usually smaller than a gulf).  Ex: San Francisco Bay

18. Cape  A cape is a pointed piece of land that sticks out into a sea, ocean, lake, or river.  Ex: Cape of Good Hope & Cavo De Haronos

19. Harbor  A naturally or artificially protected basin on an ocean, lake, or river where ships may be anchored or docked without danger.

20. Island  An island is a piece of land that is surrounded by water.  Ex: Guam

21. Marsh  A marsh is a type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland that is found along rivers, pond, lakes and coasts. Marsh plants grow up out of the water.  Ex: Florida Everglades

22. Swamp  A swamp is a type of freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot of water. Many trees and shrubs grow in swamps.

23. Floodplain Levee  Floodplain is a flat region of a valley floor located on either side of a river channel.  Man made area of land to hold back a river.

24. Delta  A delta is a low, watery land formed at the mouth of a river. It is formed from the silt, sand and small rocks that flow downstream in the river and are deposited in the delta.  Ex: Mississippi Delta

25. Great Barrier Reef  Area formed by Coral in warm tropical ocean, it may extend above the Ocean.

26. Great Barrier Reef

27. Topographical Maps A 2D map using lines to represent the elevation change of the land. 3D view 2D view

28. Contour lines Contour lines are the curved lines on a topographical map that represent the change in elevation.

29. Topographic Profile Is a cross-section of a topographical map.

30. Scale 1:24,000 scale1:100,000 scale1:125,000 scale The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground.