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Remote sensing and avian biodiversity patterns in the U.S. NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, New York, May 6-8 2009 Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff, T. Albright, P. Culbert, C. Ritttenhouse, M. Clayton University of Wisconsin-Madison C. Flather, S. Stewart, U.S. Forest Service J. Masek, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Research questions What determines bird biodiversity patterns? How does disturbance affect bird biodiversity?
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Research questions What determines bird biodiversity patterns? How does disturbance affect bird biodiversity?
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Bird biodiversity patterns What determines bird biodiversity patterns?
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Bird biodiversity patterns The “machinery controlling species diversity”; MacArthur 1972
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Bird biodiversity patterns
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Coops et al., 2009, Journal of Biogeography, 36:905-918
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Bird biodiversity patterns
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3x3 Window Standard Deviation TM4 Image texture explained 64% in Wisconsin’s neotropical migrant species richness
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Bird biodiversity patterns Culbert et al. 2009. IEEE JSTARS, in press
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Bird biodiversity patterns
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Barren Transitional Urban/Developed Water Grassland Agriculture Forest Wetland Shrubland National Land Cover Database
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Bird biodiversity patterns Proportion (%) of possible occurrences in models Pidgeon et al., 2007, Ecological Applications, 17:1989-2010 Lepczyk et al., 2008, Conservation Biology, 22:405-416
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Research questions What determines bird biodiversity patterns? How does disturbance affect bird biodiversity?
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Bird biodiversity patterns
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Research questions What determines bird biodiversity patterns? How does disturbance affect bird biodiversity?
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Grassland specialists trend 1972-2007
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Neotropical migrants trends 1972-2007
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Disturbance and bird biodiversity
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Hurricanes: Hurricanes changed species abundances, and community composition Little change in species richness Rittenhouse et al., 2009, Global Change Biology, in review Disturbance and bird biodiversity
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Droughts: Both richness and abundance were negatively correlated with drought Abundance was more affected Albright et al., 2009, Global Change Biology, in review Disturbance and bird biodiversity
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d1d1 d2d2 Legend BBS route Non-forest Forest Water Post-disturbance forest Disturbed forest Post-disturb. Non-forest
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Disturbance and bird biodiversity
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Forest loss decreased community similarity for all forest birds, and also for most of the guilds Forest disturbance maintained community similarity for permanent residents and cavity nesters Disturbance and bird biodiversity
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MODIS Land surface temperature
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Disturbance and bird biodiversity Standardized seasonal land surface temperature exceedance (SSLSTE)
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Disturbance and bird biodiversity Lagged response: 2001 SSLSTE vs. 2002 BBS
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Disturbance and bird biodiversity
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Research questions What determines bird biodiversity patterns? How does disturbance affect bird biodiversity?
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Conclusions Remotely sensed measures of ‘classic’ biodiversity drivers explain biodiversity patterns well ‘New’ measures (DHI, texture, MODIS LST, dense Landsat stacks) are good predictors Structure is important in terms of both biophysical and human factors
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Conclusions Communities are continuously changing Disturbance affects both interannual variability and long-term bird community changes Abundance is more sensitive than richness
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Thank you!
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Houses and fragmentation: Both fragmentation and housing development had equal and strong effects on avian richness Effects differed by guild and ecoregion E.g., in the West houses were positively correlated with richness, but negatively in East Pidgeon et al., 2007, Ecol. Appl., 17:1989-2010 Lepczyk et al., 2008, Cons. Bio., 22:405-416 Disturbance and bird biodiversity
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Grassland specialists average
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Neotropical migrants average
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