1. Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes

2. I. Geography of India

3. India

4. A. Subcontinent is a large distinguishable landmass on a continent

5. B. Rivers, Mountains, Decan and Monsoons

6. 1. Two major rivers of India

7. a. Indus River located on the western border

8. b. Ganges River located in the northern plain running west to east

9. 2. Two major mountain ranges in India

10. a. Hindu Kush mountains on the western border

11. 1. Khyber pass

12. b. Himalaya Mountains in the north (largest mountains in the world)

13. 3. The Decan is a large triangular shaped plateau in the center of India

14. C. Monsoons are seasonal winds

15. 1. Winter monsoons are dry and blow from the north

16. 2. Summer monsoons are wet and blow from the Arabian Sea in the southwest to the northeast

17. II. Environmental Challenges

18. A. The Indus had unpredictable floods

19. B. The Indus sometimes changed its course

20. C. Floods sometimes swept away whole villages

21. D. The Himalayas provided protection from the north but hindered trade

22. III. Civilization Emerges on the Indus

23. A. The writing system of the Indus valley was called Sanskrit

24. 1. It is at current time undeciphered

25. B. Around 3200 B.C. people began to farm around the Indus

26. C. Planned cities ( Kalibangan, Mohenjo Daro, Harrappa )

27. Three D Harrappa

28. Mohenjo Daro

29. Great Bath at Mohenjo Daro

30. 1. Around 2500 B.C.

31. 2. Sophisticated city planning

32. a. Precise grid system

33. b. Citadel or fort in the center of city

34. c. Constructed of oven baked bricks

35. d. Sophisticated plumbing and sewage

36. IV. Culture and Trade

37. A. Social divisions in the society were not great

38. B. People were relatively prosperous

39. C. Few weapons of war found

40. D. Religious artifacts revealed links to Hindu culture

41. 1. Many gods (polytheists) Shiva major Indian god

42. 2. Mother goddesses

43. 3. Fertility images

44. Fertility images

45. 4. Worship of cattle

46. E. Trade developed with others

47. 1.Stamps and seals identified different goods

48. 2. Traded goods found in Sumer identified by stamps

49. V. Mysterious end to the Indus Valley Culture

50. A. Possibly river changed course

51. B. Wore out land nutrients

52. C. Sudden catastrophe

53. D. Possibly human attack