1. Transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic to “Civilization”

2. Paleolithic Era (3 million/250,000 – ca. 10,000 bce)
Type of tools
Stone
Basic survival or subsistence level
Influenced by climate and climate changes
Nomadic
Hunters and gatherers
Bands
About 30-50
Family and culture groups
General social equality
Economic roles a little different but the burden of the tasks and the level of responsibility and decision making was based on need not pre-established roles
Women gathered berries, nuts etc.
Men hunters
Natufian society of the eastern Mediterranean

3. 4 million in 10,000 bce to 5 million in 5000 bce and rose to 14 million in 3000 bce and about 100 million by 500 bce
Jerico
Catal Huyuk
Industries
Pottery
Metallugy
Textile

4. 10,000 bce – 1000 CE

5. 100,000bce – 10000bce

6. 1000 CE – 2000 CE

7. Regional discoveries of cultural representations during Paleolithic and early Neolithic Eras

8. Neolithic Era - New Stone Age
Actually transition from nomadic society to sedentary society
Type of living changed from caves and open areas to actual dwellings
Migration continues but slows
Population numbers increase causing the need for more complex relationships and systems to support them

9. Example of some early houses

10. Neolithic or Agricultural Transition
Shift from food gathering to food producing
Result is people begin to settle in one place
Cities develop
Surplus begins
Impact is complex societies or civilizations that have trade networks and are interconnected
Neolithic Revolution is the basis for more complex societies to be formed
Sedentary
Surplus
Diverse economic activity
Division of labor
Gender roles begin to change and become less equal
Need for complex record keeping
Writing systems
Pictographic (drew pictures to represent physical aspects)
Ideographs (drew pictures to represent abstract)
Phonographs (drew symbols to represent sounds)
Alphabet and writing systems

11. Civilization or complex societies
When do we know it is a “civilization” or matches other complex societies and is no longer Neolithic and able to sustain itself over generations.
It may adapt/evolve over many generations
Rates of adaptation are influenced by geography, type of culture, and creation of technology
5-6 elements of Civilization
Division of labor
Advanced technology
System of Writing
Calendar
Cities with Government or system of control
Usually some element within culture of philosophy that holds them together and explains the forces of nature

12. What does the transition impact
What causes the impact?
Ability to control environment
Slash and burn techniques
Irrigation
People stop roaming and build villages first then cities as population grew and methods developed
Impact is “civilization”
Subsistence to surplus
Trade networks within area creates relationship with the cities and culture groups creating empires
Empires and areas connect through trade exchanging technology and goods that assist in overcoming environment and cause adaptation rate to increase
Also causes more conflict
Luxury items traded longer distances
You can track these items to see who traded with who

13. Spontaneous or Indepentent Discovery and Invention
Were ideas at certain times connected or arose because there was an a need at approximately the same time because of climate change or great shifts in populations?