1. Energy Scavenging A Look at Nano-fibers and Other Piezoelectric Devices for Body Area Networks Presented by Stuart Wooters

2. Outline Characteristics of Movement Scavenged Energy Nano-Fibers PVDF Potential Implementations Design considerations

3. Characteristics: What are some of the requirements of movement generated energy? –Frequency Range –Types of Movement –Energy Potentials

4. Microfibre–nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging Yong Qin1, Xudong Wang1 & Zhong Lin Wang1

5. Basic Concept Use vibrations and friction between two fibers to create an electric current. Textile fibers are dense and have the potential of accumulating a lot of energy. Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging","Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging" Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814.

6. Structure Fibers are coated in a Zinc Oxide growth. Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging", Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814."Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging"

7. Conceptual Analogue Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging", Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814."Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging"

8. IV Curve of Coated Strand Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging", Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814. (Supplement Figure 1)"Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging"

9. IV Curve of Bent Strands Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging", Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814. (Supplement Figure 2)"Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging" Diode characteristics help insure same direction current for all nano-fibers

10. Short Circuit and Open Circuit Measurements at 80rmp Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging", Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814."Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging"

11. Range of Frequencies Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging", Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814. (Supplement Figure 6)"Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging"

12. Six Fibers Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging", Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814. (Figure 4)"Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging"

13. Viability Case 1 (Cylindrical Fibers) P=4nA x 3mV /.2s = 60pW Effective Power: 19 mW per 1m 2 Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging", Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814. (Supplement)"Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging"

14. Viability Case 2 (Square Fibers) Yong Qin, Xudong Wang & Zhong Lin Wang "Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging", Nature, Volume 451, 14 February 2008 Page(s): 809 - 814. (Supplement)"Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging" P=4nA x 3mV /.2s = 60pW Effective Power: 76 mW per 1m 2

15. Energy Generation using Piezo Film R H Brown, Atochem Sensors Ltd, 1991

16. Basic Equations Charge Density: D = Q/A = d 3n X n Open Circuit Voltage V0 = g 3n X n t R H Brown “Energy Generation using Piezo Film” published by Measurment Specialties original publish year 1991

17. Energy Expectations Maximum Charge Density: –7mC/m 2 Maximum Energy Expected: –200 kJ/m 3 R H Brown “Energy Generation using Piezo Film” published by Measurment Specialties original publish year 1991

18. PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) Generates energy through stress/strain Kinetic Energy to Electrical Energy –Dropping Ball test –Stepping test R H Brown “Energy Generation using Piezo Film” published by Measurment Specialties original publish year 1991

19. Basic Measurements R H Brown “Energy Generation using Piezo Film” published by Measurment Specialties original publish year 1991

20. Potential Implementations How can we incorporate these devices into our networks? Can they be more than good sensors?

21. Design Considerations What do you do when your not scavenging energy? How do you retain your energy? How would you control different energy modalities?