1. UWB Communications – A Standards War 12.4.2004 Eino Kivisaari Helsinki University of Technology Telecommunications and Multimedia Laboratory

2. What is UWB (Ultra Wideband) all about A Standards War at IEEE:  Motorola (Freescale Semiconductor) vs.  MBOA Alliance (Multi-Band OFDM Alliance) MAIN GOAL

3. INTRO TO UWB Ultra Wideband Impulse Radio: Radio transmission without RF carrier on a several GHz wide band Sub-nanosecond pulses, very accurate timing & positioning Theoretically Gigabit data rate over short distances Interference with narrowband RF traffic can be avoided by using very low transmission power

5. UWB PROS Very high connection speeds, up to 1 Gb/s Spectrum reuse Low power consumption Enabler of new services and functions  Cable replacement  Wireless USB, Wireless Firewire

6. UWB Compared to Cellular, WLAN, Bluetooth and Ethernet

7. FCC Regulations for UWB The Commission on February 14, 2002 adopted a First Report and Order in ET Docket No. 98-153 to amend Part 15 of the FCC Rules to permit the marketing and operation of certain types of new products incorporating ultra-wideband technology. UWB devices operate by employing very narrow or short duration pulses that result in very large or wideband transmission bandwidths. UWB technology holds great promise for a vast array of new applications that will provide significant benefits for public safety, businesses and consumers. These applications include imaging systems that can detect objects beneath the surface of the earth or within and behind walls; vehicle radar systems for collision avoidance; and high-speed data communications devices. February 2002 Available spectrum: 3.10 GHz – 10.6 GHz Low transmission powers Indoor usage, outdoors only peer-to-peer

8. Standards War A War over an IEEE standard for UWB PHY (Physical Layer) specification, 802.15.3a War started after the FCC rules had been out for 6 months Two counterparts:  Motorola & Xtreme Spectrum (now acquired by Motorola)  MBOA Alliance (Multi-Band OFDM Alliance) Intel, Texas Instruments, Microsoft, Nokia, Samsung, Philips, Panasonic, Hewlett-Packard, Toshiba, NEC, Fujitsu, Sharp, Mitsubishi, Olympus, TDK, Realtek, VIA etc. (90 companies as of April 2004 and growing)  MBOA was created when Multi-Band Coalition (MBC) approved Texas Instruments’ OFDM-based proposal (June 2003)

10. Technical differences Motorola & Xtreme Spectrum  Direct Sequence-CDMA MBOA Alliance  Multi-Band-OFDM multiple +500 MHz wide bands OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) bands can be switched on and off (dynamical spectrum usage) can be implemented with simpler CMOS technology than impulse radio UWB

11. IEEE Process Despite numerous attemps, the final decision has not been achieved MBOA majority many times, but not 75% Process has been stalled for months Alternative: ”Forget IEEE, form a Special Interest Group of your own!”  MBOA has done this  Will Motorola follow?

13. Classification of Standards Wars (Shapiro and Varian, 1999) Your Technology Rival Technology Compatible Incompatible Compatible Rival evolutions Evolution versus revolution Incompatible Revolution versus evolution Rival revolutions

14. Key assets in a standards war (Shapiro and Varian, 1999) Control over an installed base of customers Intellectual property rights Ability to innovate First-mover advantages Manufacturing abilities Strength in complements Reputation and brand name

15. Control over an installed base of customers Not Motorola, not MBOA

16. Intellectual property rights Key IPR are owned respectively by both parties, no decisive differences

17. Ability to innovate Both Motorola and MBOA members have a good track record in making innovative products However, MBOA wins 6-0 due to its sheer megnitude

18. First-mover advantages Motorola & Xtreme Spectrum have had a time advantage  Motorola’s strategy in IEEE has been seen as a way to delay MBOA and strike first MBOA has progressed rapidly As a 90-company alliance, MBOA may not be as agile as Motorola

19. Manufacturing abilities MBOA wins 6-0

20. Strength in complements MBOA wins 6-0  consumer electronics: Nokia, Samsung, Philips, Panasonic, HP, TDK, Sharp, NEC, Toshiba, Olympus  motherboards: Intel, Via, Realtek  operating systems: Microsoft

21. Reputation and brand name Motorola is alone MBOA wins 6-0

22. Conclusion(Confusion..??) Regardless of IEEE process, MBOA UWB will emerge as the next big wireless thing  Wireless USB  Wireless Firewire However, Motorola UWB may not die out:  Recent demo: 1.3 Gb/s over 2 m distance  Can survive, if becomes branded and aimed to different usage scenarios than MBOA UWB Aside the duel between Motorola and MBOA, the overall industry seems to have learned from past failures: a jolly good spirit of co-operation floats around the MBOA standard – a bigger cake for everyone  Products in 2005?