1. Communist China
Ch. 25 Sec. 3, Ch. 31 Sec 1

2. *Last of Manchu Dynasty
I. Collapse of Old Order:
A. Henry Pu-yi
*Last Emperor of China
*Last of Manchu Dynasty

3. Forbidden City Peking (Beijing)
*imprisoned after Chinese Revolution of 1911
*Ancient home of Chinese Emperors

5. Henry Pu-yi - Emperor of Manchuko
Japanese occupied Manchuria WWII

6. Pu-Yi arrested

8. B. Chinese Revolution of 1911
overthrow of Manchu
ended 2,000 years of Imperial Rule 210 BC AD

9. Dr. Sun Yat-sen
*founder of modern China founder 1st Chinese Republic
*leader of rev. against Manchu
Three Principles of the People
1. Peoples Government
2. Peoples Rights
3. Peoples Livelihood

11. C. Guomindang *Nationalist Political Party
founded by Sun Yat-sen

12. II. Revolution in China
A. Chiang Kai-Shek (Jiang Jieshi)
President of Republic of China
death of Sun Yat-sen
constantly at war:
Warlords, Communists, & Japanese

13. Warlords
*regional military rulers in China
defeated by Shek

14. Republic of China
Dictator no real republic
Western ideas & traditional Confucian values
“New Life Movement” * social ethics
Banana Chinese *critics called Shek & followers
Chinese on outside - Western on inside

16. Split in Guomindang
Right Wing *Nationalists
Left Wing *Communists

17. Shanghai Massacre April 1927
1000’s communist tortured & killed
Shek wants to eliminate Communist Party
“The Communists are a disease of the heart.” Shek

18. B. Chinese Communist Party CCP
Formed in 1921 in Shanghai
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-Tung)
leader of the CCP

19. Peoples Liberation Army PLA
*Communist Army
*Red Army

20. “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.”
Mao

21. Long March
*Communists fled from capture & execution
6,000 mile journey 100,000 troops
South East China to North 7,000 troops survived
defeat 10 Armies crossed 18 mountain ranges & 24 rivers
Yan’an *base for Communist in hills of North China

23. WWII Japanese invasion of China 1939 - 1945
Communist & Guomindang united to fight Japan

24. Red Chinese leader Mao Tse Tung and Chiang Kai Shek toasting one another.

26. C. Communist Revolution 1949
Nationalists vs. Communists
Shek Mao
Peoples Liberation Army Red Army
guerrilla warfare
When the enemy advances, we retreat!
When the enemy halts & camps,
we trouble them!
When the enemy tries to avoid battle,
we attack!
When the enemy retreats, we pursue! Mao
Mao *peasants as the key to revolution
rather than urban workers

27. 3 Rules: Win over Peasants:
1. Do not take a needle or thread
2. Consider people as your family
3. All you borrow you must return
1949 Communist won

28. Taiwan *Shek fled
President of Taiwan – 1975
Taiwan originally called Formosa
Taipei *capital city

29. III. Peoples Republic of China Oct. 1, 1949
A. Dictatorship controlled by Communist Party
Beijing capital (Peking)

30. B. Mao *Chairman of Communist Party 1949 - 1976
Founder: The Peoples Republic of China
“We the Chinese people have stood up, & no one
will be able to humiliate us again.” Mao

31. 1. Little Red Book *Quotations of Chairman Mao
collection of Mao’s thoughts & ideas

32. 2. The Great Leap Forward 1958 - 1961
*create ideal communist society
*dev. industry & agriculture
“Hard work for a few years, happiness for a thousand.”
Mao

34. Cooperatives *collective farms
massive farms 30,000 people
human labor rather than technology

35. Great Leap Forward *Disaster
20 million died of starvation

36. 3. Cultural Revolution
*forced march toward true Communism
*eliminate opponents of Mao

37. Red Guards *young supporters of Mao spread Cultural Rev.
burned book, do away with past
destroy old structure of society
destroyed statues & works of Confucius
intellectuals attacked

38. Four Olds *eliminated
old ideas, old culture, old customs, old habits

44. C. Cold War in Asia
1. Red China signed friendship pact with USSR
USA feared spread of Communism

45. 2. Korea 1945
USA & USSR divided into 2 zones *38th parallel
Peoples Republic of Korea North Korea *Communist
Republic of Korea South Korea *Democratic

46. 3. Korean War June 25, 1950
*North Korean invaded South Korea
*United Nations sent troops to South Korea

47. President Harry Truman Sep. 1950
U.S. troops stop Communism
UN forces crossed into North Korea

48. Battle of Choshin Reservoir
2 million Chinese “Volunteers”
crossed Yalu River & attacked UN Forces
300,000 ?? Chinese casualties
pushed UN forces across 38th parallel
UN regrouped push Chinese across 38th

50. 1953 Armistice bt. North & South Korea
Demilitarized Zone = DMZ
38th Parallel

53. Panmunjeom is a ‘truce village’ that straddles the borders and is where meetings between the North and South often take place. The border line passes right trough some buildings and even across tables so representatives from both sides can sit at the same table but still be in their own country.

55. 4. Tibet *China took control 1950
became a Chinese province
Tibet once independent Buddhist Kingdom

56. *spiritual leader of Tibet exiled in India & USA
Dalai Lama
*spiritual leader of Tibet
exiled in India & USA
Nobel Peace Prize 1989

62. 6. Henry Kissinger U.S. Sec. Of State 1971
secret trip to China
discussed American & Chinese affairs

63. Ping Pong Diplomacy

65. 6. President Richard Nixon 1972
*historic visit Red China
US & China open diplomatic relations 1979

68. 7. Mao died Sep. 9, (age of 83)

69. 8. Deng Xiaoping Premier of China 1976 - 1989
successor to Mao
Four Modernizations:
industry, agriculture, technology, & defense
McDonald’s & Kentucky Fried Chicken opened

71. 4 leaders during the Cultural Revolution
9. Gang of Four
4 leaders during the Cultural Revolution
tried to rise to power after Mao’s death
Jiang Qing “Madame Mao“ *Mao’s 4th Wife
arrested & imprisoned - responsible deaths of 34,000
Jiang Qing, wife of Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong, and three other political radicals were called the Gang of Four during the struggle for power that followed Mao’s death in They were arrested and charged with a series of crimes, including treason. Jiang was convicted and sentenced to death, which was later commuted to life imprisonment. Shown, clockwise from top right, are Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.

72. 10. Tiananmen Square Massacre June 4, 1989
Chinese students demonstrating against Chinese gov.
Tiananmen “Gate of Heavenly Peace”

73. protested 6 weeks:
democratic freedom
end to corruption in gov.
better conditions at Chinese universities

75. 30 ft. Statue made by student demonstrators
The Goddess of Democracy
30 ft. Statue made by student demonstrators

76. *sent troops & tanks in stop protesters mass arrests & executions
Premier Deng Xiaoping
*sent troops & tanks in stop protesters
mass arrests & executions

77. shot or ran over by tanks 120,000 arrested
Students Killed??
500 to several thousand
shot or ran over by tanks 120,000 arrested

81. 11. Hong Kong July 1, 1997
*returned to China
ended 150 years British Imperialism in Hong Kong
China allow Hong Kong remain capitalist city

84. 12. Beijing Olympic’s 2008