1. China and the Challenge of Global Climate Change: Law and Policy Hanenburg-Yntema Fonds – Leuven - 25 March 2011 Prof Geert Van Calster Leuven law /King’s College /Monash gavc@law.kuleuven.be

2. Overview of Presentation Intro Sovereignty: the starting point (and nec plus ultra?) of international environmental law CBDR, and links to Sustainable development China - internal

3. Intro

5. There are three kinds of lies: Lies, damn lies, and statistics –The Rt.Hon. Benjamin Disraeli [?] Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke [?]

6. Sovereignty Principle 2 of the Rio Declaration: –States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of jurisdiction.

8. 'Pollution knows no borders'? 'Common concern of mankind' [cf 'Common heritage of mankind' or 'global commons']: a new legal principle or blurb?

9. CBDR, and links to SD Principle 7 Rio Declaration: –States shall cooperate in a spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the Earth's ecosystem. In view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities. The developed countries acknowledge the responsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of sustainable development in view of the pressures their societies place on the global environment and of the technologies and financial resources they command.

10. CBDR: Historic responsibility

11. CBDR: Current responsibility

12. Source: Guardian and US EIA, 2009 data

13. Links to 'sustainable development', which effectively combines trade and economic development with its two best-known negative externalities: environment, and social protection If one country does not internalise these, can we do it for them? See WTO /trade issues

14. China - Internal

15. From command and control via 'market-based' (including environmental agreements, benchmarking, top runner initiatives) to somewhere in the middle?

16. Conclusion

17. China and the Challenge of Global Climate Change: Law and Policy Hanenburg-Yntema Fonds – Leuven - 25 March 2011 Prof Geert Van Calster Leuven law /King’s College /Monash gavc@law.kuleuven.be