1. Electro-Mechanical Applications of High Temperature Superconductors A. Cansiz, E.A. Oral and O. Gundogdu Electric-Electronic Engineering Department Atatürk University Erzurum, Turkey

2. Applications of Meissner Effect Repulsion of external magnets - levitation Magnet Superconductor

3. Applications of Mixed State superconductivity (Large Scale) 1.Large distance power transmission 2.Highly efficient small sized electrical motors, generator and transformer 3.Levitation (Train) 4.Flywheel Energy Storage

4. 1. Large distance power transmission Courtesy of American Superconductor

5. 2. Highly efficient small sized electrical motors, generator and transformer

6. 3. Levitation (Train) Magnetic levitation transport, or maglev, is a form of transportation that suspends, guides and propels vehicles via electromagnetic force. Yamanashi MLX01 MagLev train

7. Superconductors may be considered perfect diamagnets (μr = 0), completely expelling magnetic fields due to the Meissner effect. The levitation of the magnet is stabilized due to flux pinning within the superconductor. This property rationalize magnetic levitation trains.

8. Kinetic energy is increased if ω increases or if I increases. Stiffness, stability, Cooling problem. No contact in motional parts. 4. Flywheel Energy Storage

9. To reduce the friction the disc is in a vacuum and uses magnetic bearings. Motor / generators are typically permanent magnet machines. The maximum energy density per mass and the maximum tensile stress are related. Typically, tensile stress has 2 components: radial stress and hoop stress. Flywheels

10. MODELING LEVITATION FORCE

11. θ x y y x Tilted PM HTS   z z FROZEN IMAGE MODEL Hull and Cansiz, 1999

12. 1 HTS r zz 1 2 3 zz h 3 h PM LN FROZEN IMAGE MODEL

13. HTS Diamagnetic Image h z PM coil L1L1 L2L2 Frozen Image h r2r2 r1r1 AMPERIAN CURRENT APPROXIMATION

14. Force Levitation height Rotor weight Major Hysteresis loop Minor Hysteresis loop Stability point for Rotor Typical Banana Curve

15. SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING UNDER CONSIDERATION

16. 7.5 KG ROTOR

17. SUPERCONDUCTING BASE

18. SUPERCONDUCTING FORCE MEASUREMENT

19. TYPICAL SPIN EXPERIMENTS

20. STABLE SUPERCONDUCTING LEVITATION

21. Rotation Experiment 2011

22. FREE SPIN DOWN OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING

23. FRICTION AND REZONANCE BEAHAVIOR OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING UNDER CONSIDERATION

24. DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING

25. Teşekkürler