2. In early 1848, flecks of gold found in Sacramento California.In early 1848, flecks of gold found in Sacramento California. THOSE WHO SEEKED GOLD WERE CALED FORTY-NINERSTHOSE WHO SEEKED GOLD WERE CALED FORTY-NINERS

3. Caused a sensation in the eastern United States.Caused a sensation in the eastern United States. Mass migration known as the, California Gold Rush, some 80,000 fortune seekers went to California for GOLDMass migration known as the, California Gold Rush, some 80,000 fortune seekers went to California for GOLD Many fortune seekers also came from South America, especially Peru and Chile.Many fortune seekers also came from South America, especially Peru and Chile.

5. Placer miningPlacer mining: use cheap metal pans, picks, and shovels to harvest gold at the bottom of rivers and streams. Few got rich but most worked hard for little gain.

7. Conditions at mining camps:Conditions at mining camps: Crowded; poor sanitation promoted diseases; law was scarce in the camps; almost all were men.Crowded; poor sanitation promoted diseases; law was scarce in the camps; almost all were men. Competition and fights were common – because of failure to find gold and lack of family life.Competition and fights were common – because of failure to find gold and lack of family life.

8. Miners carried out their own rough justice.Miners carried out their own rough justice. Without official legal authority, they acted as judges, juries, and executioners.Without official legal authority, they acted as judges, juries, and executioners.

9. EFFECTS Mexicans and Indians Face DiscriminationMexicans and Indians Face Discrimination White miners killed Native Americans by the thousands.White miners killed Native Americans by the thousands. Mob violence drove Mexican-Americans away from gold fields.Mob violence drove Mexican-Americans away from gold fields.

10. Effects California Seeks Statehood: Sept. 9, 1850California Seeks Statehood: Sept. 9, 1850 Constitution of California: excluded African Americans, both slave and free.Constitution of California: excluded African Americans, both slave and free.