1. Taxonomy

2. Classification Name three things that you classify at home. Clothes
2) Music
Collections / hobbies
Classification is the grouping of objects or information based on similarities.
Why do you think Biologists classify things?

3. Classification has several purposes:
Easier to share information about an organism by using one standard name
Identify characteristics of an organism just by studying the groups they are placed in
Manage the information they collect on the 2.5 million known species

4. Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the scientific study of how living things are classified.

5. History of Classification
Classification began in Europe with
Aristotle
He put organisms into two categories:
plants & animals
Aristotle expanded animal classification to two main levels:
Animals with blood (vertebrates)
Animals without blood (invertebrates)

6. How do you think he would divide the animals with blood?
FISH (WATER)
BIRDS(AIR)
EGG-LAYING LAND ANIMALS (4 LEGS) (LAND)
LIVE-BEARING LAND ANIMALS (4 LEGS)
HUMANS

7. Aristotle vs. Modern Classification
6 Kingdoms
Animals in 2 sub-groups
5 Animal Classes:
birds
fish
amphibians
reptiles
mammals
2 Kingdoms
Animals in 2 sub-groups
5 Animal Classes

8. Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Earliest version of modern day organized
approach
Morphology - basic shape
Form - body parts (head, legs, thorax…)
Structure - bone and external supports
Anatomy - muscle & organs
Described 1,000’s of plants & animals in:
System Naturae and Species Plantarum

9. Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus
Species

10. Homo Sapiens Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species:Sapiens 

11. Binomial Nomenclature
Linnaeus developed
Two word naming system which identifies species.
First word: Genus (Capitalized)
Second word: species (Lowercase)
Both words should be italicized
Ex/ Homo sapiens (Man)
Passer domesticus (House sparrow)
Canis rufus (Red wolf)

12. Cell Organization Prokaryote Eukaryote “Before Nucleus”
Simple organisms,
No membrane bound organelles
(cell organs)
Eukaryote
“True Nucleus”
More complex organisms
Membrane bound organelles