1. The Effects of WW1

2. Essential Questions
Why, and to what extent , did the First World War constitute « total war »?
Assess the social and economic effects of the First World War on two of the countries involved.
To what extent do you agree with the view that war accelerates social change?

3. The Effects of WW1

4. What was the world like after World War I?
Millions of dead, wounded or homeless people
Changes to society
What was the world like after World War I?
Four empires broke up
World economy damaged
Self-determination became popular
New nation-states were set up
New boundaries created problems
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

5. Millions of dead, wounded or homeless people
Nearly 8 million soldiers killed.
Millions of young men wounded and permanently disabled by gas or exploding shells.
Many others suffered from post-war trauma.
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6. Millions of dead, wounded or homeless people
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

7. Millions of dead, wounded or homeless people
Millions of displaced refugees who had lost almost everything.
Poor living conditions, lack of food and spread of disease.
Many more killed due to diseases.
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8. Four empires broke up
Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia broke up into smaller countries.
Many ethnic groups set up their own nations.
Former colonies of German and Ottoman Empires administered by Allied Powers until they were ready for self-government.
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9. Self-determination became popular
Self-determination and self-government championed as a principle of peace.
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Self-determination
Self-determination
Austro-Hungarian Empire
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10. New nation-states were set up
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New nation-states were set up
Many new countries were set up because of nationalism.
Lithuania
Latvia
Yugoslavia
Estonia
Nationalism
Poland
Hungary
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11. New boundaries created problems
Although new nation-states were formed, ethnic groups did not get to form nations of ethnic uniformity.
Many ethnic minorities lived within the borders of newly- created states.
These new borders caused ethnic tension.
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12. World economy damaged World trade disrupted.
Resources of great powers depleted.
Farms, factories and industrial areas destroyed  no production.
Infrastructure destroyed  lengthy restoration.
Massive unemployment.
Countries cash-strapped, saddled with huge debts.
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13. Changes to society Divisions in society were heightened.
The war brought to the fore differences between two opposing camps of society — pacifists and militarists.
The horrors of war tilted some groups more towards pacifism.
But other groups became even more fiercely inclined towards militarism. They felt this was the best way to protect their country against invasion and annexation.
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

14. Changes to society Disillusionment with existing system.
Segments of society lost faith in the existing system of government.
Looked for alternative social ideologies.
Communism emerged.
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15. Changes to society Changes to the position of women.
Many males in the families were killed in the war.
Women’s responsibilities increased.
Women’s expectations about their role in society also changed  equal rights, equal opportunities.
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

16. Changes to society Changes to the position of workers.
Working class given right to vote in recognition of its contributions to the war  expansion of electorate.
Increasing support for government welfare programmes such as state-provided healthcare and education.
Greater expectation for equality with middle class and upper class.
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17. What was the world like after World War I?
Millions of dead, wounded or homeless people
Changes to society
What was the world like after World War I?
Four empires broke up
World economy damaged
Self-determination became popular
New nation-states were set up
New boundaries created problems
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

18. What does this picture tell you about the impact of World War I?
Homeless people:
There were numerous displaced refugees who had lost almost everything.
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

19. Destroyed infrastructure:
A lengthy restoration was required and the economy was damaged.
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

20. Changes to position of women in society:
They expected equal rights, equal opportunities.
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

21. Unemployment:
Many jobs were displaced by the war.
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

22. Major countries involved
Summary
World War I
Major countries involved
Impact
Causes
Central Powers
Political
Powerful countries.
Competition for colonies.
Arms and naval race.
Alliance system.
Strong nationalism.
Assassination of Archduke of Austria-Hungary.
Economic
Allied Powers
Social
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World War I Copyright 2006

23. Major countries involved
Summary
Major countries involved
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Turkey
Central Powers
Britain
France
Serbia
Russia (until 1917)
Italy (from May 1915)
USA (fought as an Associated Power from 1917)
Allied Powers
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