1. Elements and the Periodic Table

2. The Periodic Table and the Elements What is the periodic table ? What is the periodic table ? What information is obtained from the table ? What information is obtained from the table ? How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ? How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ?

3. Periodic Table You must be familiar with it but do not need to memorize all of it

4. Periodic Table Information Each square on the periodic table contains the following information:  Atomic Name  Atomic Symbol  Atomic Number  Atomic Mass

5. Atomic Name & Symbol The Element (or atomic) name is the name of the element in english. It is how all scientists identify the element. The Atomic Symbol is one or two letters that stand for the element.  The first letter is always CAPITALIZED and the second letter is always lower case.  The symbol often comes from an ancient Greek or Latin name

6. Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Number The atomic number shows the number of protons in the element. The atomic weight (mass) number shows the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the element. The atomic mass is an average of all common isotopes.

7. Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany) published nearly identical classification schemes for elements known to date.In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany) published nearly identical classification schemes for elements known to date. The periodic table is base on the similarity of properties and reactivities exhibited by certain elements.The periodic table is base on the similarity of properties and reactivities exhibited by certain elements. Later, Henri Moseley ( England, 1887-1915) established that each elements has a unique atomic number, which is how the current periodic table is organized.Later, Henri Moseley ( England, 1887-1915) established that each elements has a unique atomic number, which is how the current periodic table is organized.

8. The Periodic Table The periodic table is based on a theory The periodic theory, like all theories, is constantly evolving. The following slides give an overview of this evolution.

9. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table Note that the elements that are now at the tops of the columns were at the sides in Mendeleev’s table.

10. 1902: New Column for Noble Gases

11. 1914: Reorganized by atomic number

12. Since 1923,26 elements have been added.

13. 1940s: Two new rows were added.

14. Should Helium go here? Should Hydrogen go here?

15. 1902: New Column for Noble Gases 1914: Reorganized by atomic number Since 1923,26 elements have been added. 1940s: Two new rows were added. Should Helium go here? Should Hydrogen go here?

16. The Periodic Table A map of the building block of matter. http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html

17. How is someone supposed to remember all of those names? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYW50 F42ss8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYW50 F42ss8

18. Think Tom Lehrer was just reading off a sheet? Well how about this! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSAaiY KF0cs

19. If that muggle Harry can do it then you guys can too!

20. Two Basic Groups of Elements Most elements are metals  High electrical conductivity  Metallic luster,  Higher melting points  Ductility and malleability Non-metals  Poor conductivity,  Non-metallic luster,  Solids that are brittle

21. Electrons Are responsible for the chemical properties of atoms. The electronic configuration determines the types of atoms that can be bound to one another, the strength of the bonds, and the types of bonds.

22. Atomic Families METALS  ALKALI METALS  ALKALINE EARTH METALS  TRANSITION METALS  SEMICONDUCTORS / METALLOIDS NONMETALS  HALOGENS  NOBLE GASES

23. ALKALI METALS On the left side of the periodic table in Group I Are very reactive because they all have only one electron in their outer shell. Form +1 ions Are shiny and light in weight Good Conductors of heat and electricity Very malleable Ductile

24. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Second most reactive family of elements On the left side of the periodic table in Group II not as reactive as the alkali metals because they have two electrons in their outer shells. Form +2 ions Good Conductors of heat and electricity Very malleable Ductile

25. TRANSITION METALS Found in the center of the periodic table Groups 3 to 12 Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes Good Conductors of heat and electricity Have high melting points Very malleable Ductile Transition metals form compounds that are brightly colored

26. SEMICONDUCTORS Intermediate Conductors of heat and electricity, can only conduct under certain conditions Have some properties of metals and some of nonmetals

27. NONMETALS Have low melting points and boiling points Poor Conductors of heat and electricity Form negative ions Very plentiful on earth

28. HALOGENS Have low melting points and boiling points Poor Conductors of heat and electricity Form -1 ions Very reactive because they are only missing one electron to have a full valence shell Often occur as diatomic molecules

29. NOBLE GASES Located in the far right column of the periodic table, Group 18 Occur as single atoms Their outer electron shells are full Rarely combine with other elements, very non-reactive All are gases at room temperature

30. Outcomes 1.3.1 - identify examples of common elements, and compare their characteristics and atomic structure 1.3.2 - use the periodic table as a classification system and compile data about its structure

31. Outcomes 1.3.3 - identify the elements and number of atoms, given a chemical formula 1.3.4 - provide examples of scientific knowledge that have resulted in the development of technologies 1.3.5 - provide examples of technologies that have enhanced, promoted, or made possible scientific research

32. Outcomes 1.3.6 - explain and provide examples of how society’s needs for chemistry incorporate science, technology, and environment