1. FAASTeam Welcome Stress, Fatigue and the Duty Day Corporate and Executive Flight Operations

2. FAASTeam Welcome Presenter: Dr. Karen Dunbar

3. FAASTeam Some Definitions StressFatigue

4. FAASTeam Physiological Systems Sleep Loss Sleep Changes with Age Individual Factors

5. FAASTeam Physiological Systems Circadian Rhythms Maximum alertness 9 – 11 am / 9 – 11 pm Maximum alertness 9 – 11 am / 9 – 11 pm Minimum alertness 3 – 5 am / 3 – 5 pm Minimum alertness 3 – 5 am / 3 – 5 pm

6. FAASTeam Crew Factors in Flight Operations XIII: A Survey of Fatigue Factors A Survey of Fatigue Factorsin Corporate /Executive Aviation Operations (NASA Technical Memorandum 2000-209610) Authors: Rosekind, M. R., Co, E. L., Gregory, K. B., Miller, D. L. (2000).

7. FAASTeam 2005 Rand Technical Report 2005 Rand Technical Report Stress and Performance Jennifer Kavanagh

8. FAASTeam Study Methods Representative Sample of NBAA Members 10863 surveys sent to 2100 companies 1488 completed surveys

9. FAASTeam Participants Sex - 99% male Age - 45.2 yrs. Experience - 14.9 yrs. Total flight time – 9750 Usual Commute – 33 minutes Other Employment – 15%

10. FAASTeam Off Duty Sleep Data Nights at home between trips Average sleep at home Problems getting to sleep Sleep promoters Sleep interference

11. FAASTeam Flight Information Days/Flight hours per month Delays High/Low Density Operating Areas Time on Ground Between Legs Types of Flights

12. FAASTeam Duty Day Information Duty Day Length/Segments/Flight Hours Length/Segments/Flight Hours “On call” Days/ Actual “Call Out” Frequency Duty Time Limits Duties in Addition to Flying

14. FAASTeam Duty Day Length and Fatigue Perception of fatigue as a significant safety factor Self-reported microsleep (nodding off) and short vs. long duty day

15. FAASTeam FatigueSignificanceFrequency Interference with duties Flight Department Emphasis on Fatigue

16. FAASTeam Major Factors on “Most Fatiguing Work Day”

18. FAASTeam Reported Effects of Stress on Pilot Performance

20. FAASTeam Research Based Considerations Time on task Time since awake Task type

21. FAASTeam Research Based Considerations Duty Period Duration Environmental Factors Location of Task

22. FAASTeam Fatigue Intensity and Frequency

24. FAASTeam Fatigue Mitigation Strategies Used During Flights

26. FAASTeam Self-Management of Stress PhysicalSocialBehavioralCognitiveRecuperative

27. FAASTeam Changes Recommended by Pilots in the Study to Reduce Fatigue

29. FAASTeam Study Limitations Subjective nature of the data Responses depend on perception, memory, and understanding of the question Known inaccuracy in estimates of sleep latency, duration, awakenings, etc. Retrospective recall Sampling limitations – self-selected, possibly company selected, NBAA member companies

30. FAASTeam Where Does That Leave Pilots? Become a master of stress management when off duty Use FAR/AIM checklist “I’m Safe” before the flight Use mitigation strategies during the duty day

31. Thank You Thank you for coming this evening Thank you for coming this evening Thank you for your participation Thank you for your participation FLY SAFELY !!!