1. European Plans for Operational Atmospheric Composition MonitoringSlide: 1 European Plans for Operational Atmospheric Composition Monitoring  Rose Munro (EUMETSAT)  Jörg Langen (ESA)  Yasjka Meijer (ESA)

2. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 2 Global Monitoring for Environment and Security GMES Objective GMES Service Development GMES Atmosphere Service GMES Space Component

3. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 3 Global Monitoring for Environment and Security  GMES – Global Monitoring for Environment and Security’ (GMES) is a joint initiative of the European Union and the European Space Agency (ESA)  Represents a concerted effort to bring data and information providers together with users  Make environmental and security-related information available to the people who need it through enhanced or new services  European Contribution to the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS) GMES Objective “to provide, on a sustained basis, reliable and timely services related to environmental and security issues in support of public policy makers’ needs”

4. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 4 GMES Service Development  Integrated approach combining models, in-situ, and satellite data  Three fast track services: Emergency Response, Land Monitoring & Marine  Pilot GMES Atmosphere Service under development  Service Implementation Groups advise EC with working groups on ―Scope ―Architecture ―In-situ component ―Space component

5. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 5 Air Quality  monitoring of global and European atmospheric composition and provision of historic records  threshold exceedance warning, development of effective air pollution abatement  integrated global, European & local air quality analysis & forecast  traffic regulation, air quality alerts, support to health services, extreme events Climate Forcing  improved and sustained monitoring of the state of the climate system (surface and upper air meteorology and composition) and its variability  rapid response to extreme weather events and natural catastrophes  integrated global, European and regional concentration fields of key greenhouse gases (CO 2, CH 4 and related tracers) enabling determination of sources and sinks  support to emission and sink verification and mitigation policy Stratospheric Ozone and Solar Radiation  improved and sustained monitoring of the current status and trends in stratospheric ozone depletion and ozone depleting gases  routine provision of updated ozone, UV and solar radiation maps and forecasts GMES Atmosphere Service Components

6. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 6 Sentinel-1C-band interferometric radar mission Sentinel-2multispectral optical imaging mission Sentinel-3 altimeter and wide-swath low-medium resolution optical and infrared radiometers Sentinel-4, -5two families of atmospheric chemistry monitoring missions, one on geostationary (Sentinel-4) and one on low Earth orbit (Sentinel-5)  Sentinels 4&5 will support the GMES Atmosphere Service GMES Space Component

7. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 7  High temporal and spatial resolution space-based measurements of tropospheric (PBL) composition for application to air quality  Climate gases (CO 2, CH 4 and precursor CO) and aerosol monitoring with sensitivity to the PBL  High vertical resolution measurements in the UT/LS region for ozone and climate applications Main Gaps in Current / Planned Operational System

8. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 8 Mission concept for climate protocol monitoring (lower troposphere) and air quality applications Instrumentation:  UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrometer for O 3, NO 2, SO 2, H 2 CO, CH 4, CO, aerosol  thermal IR sounder for O 3, CO and CH 4 profiles and HNO 3  cloud imager System: Sentinel 4: GEO platform (Europe, reduced set of species) Sentinel 5: sun-synchronous LEO platform Note: A Sentinel 5 precursor with a launch date of 2014 is also planned to ensure data continuity and to support development of operational services Mission Concepts

9. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 9 Mission concept for ozone and climate applications in the UTLS Instrumentation options: either mm-wave (MASTER derivative) or mid-IR (AMIPAS derivative) limb-sounder System: sun-synchronous LEO platform Maturation of application to be pursued. Choice of instrument type open. Mission to be considered after clarification of these points. Mission Concepts

10. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 10  Sentinel 4 will be a realised as ―addition of a UVN spectrometer on the EUM MTG-S platforms (~2018) ―utilisation of TIR data from the EUM IR sounder onboard the same platforms and ―utilisation of imager data from the EUM MTG-I platforms (~2015)  Sentinel 5 will consist of ―a UVNS spectrometer embarked on the EUM post-EPS platforms (~2020) ―implementation of the Sentinel 5 IR sounding requirements in addition to meteorological requirements for the EUM post-EPS IR sounder and ―utilisation of EUM post-EPS imager data.  Additionally a UVNS spectrometer (precursor of Sentinel-5) is required in a polar orbit complementary to MetOp, with afternoon equator crossing time GAS Implementation Group WG 4 Recommendations (Space)

11. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 11 Future EUMETSAT Missions Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Post-EPS Relationship to Sentinels 4&5

12. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 12 Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) (GEO)  Identification of user requirements supported by a User Consultation Process, also addressing atmospheric chemistry  Based on the assessment of the capabilities of observing techniques there were five candidate observation missions identified for MTG: High Resolution Fast Imagery (HRFI) mission Full Disk High Spectral Imagery (FDHSI) mission Infrared Sounding (IRS) mission Lightning Imagery (LI) mission UV-VIS Sounding (UVS) mission  For further information see www.eumetsat.int  Home  Main What_We_Do  Satellites  Future_Satellites  Meteosat_Third_Generation

13. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 13 Post-EPS (EUMETSAT Polar System) (LEO)  Application Expert Groups convened to analyse the needs of EUMETSAT users in the 2020+ timeframe  User needs documented in 5 position papers Atmospheric Chemistry Atmospheric Sounding and Wind Profiling Climate Monitoring Cloud, Precipitation and Large Scale Land Surface Imaging Ocean Surface Topography and Imaging  Mission Requirements Document (MRD) includes Infra-Red Sounding, UV-Visible-SWIR, Limb MM-Wave & Infra-Red and 3MI missions  For further information see www.eumetsat.int  Home  Main What_We_Do  Satellites  Future_Satellites  Post-EPS

14. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 14 Relation to GMES Sentinels 4&5 – Requirements Analysis  Requirements harmonisation process aimed to achieve convergence between Sentinel 4&5 and MTG and post-EPS requirements  level of commonality high MTG and Sentinel 4 (GEO)  For MTG some differences remain between Sentinel -4 UVS and MTG UVS specifications, most notably related to spatial coverage requirements  The MTG Infra-Red Sounder (IRS) primarily targets meteorological applications and the Sentinel -4 IRS purely atmospheric chemistry applications  as a result there are differences in requirements specification Post-EPS and Sentinel 5 (LEO)  High degree of convergence achieved  no significant differences remain  Current specification assures continuity with EPS.  Limb MM-Wave & Infra-Red instruments not currently included in the Sentinel 4&5 MRD  IRS requirements for Atmospheric Chemistry in the post-EPS framework have priority “2” relative to all other candidate Missions for post-EPS

15. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 15 Relation to GMES Sentinels 4&5 – Schedule MTG versus Sentinel 4  With the MTG twin-satellite configuration there is now a possibility to embark a UVS mission similar to the UVS studied during MTG Phase 0 (payload mass ~ 140 kg)  Final decision to embark Sentinel 4 on the MTG sounding satellites has to be taken in late summer 2008 together with the definition of the MTG payload complement Post-EPS versus Sentinel 5  UVNS mission will be studied in the Sentinel 4&5 context at payload level & at most only accommodation/system level issues considered in the post-EPS study; the IRS will be studied in the frame of post-EPS  Final decision to embark Sentinel-5 on the Post-EPS has to be taken by end of 2009 (or early 2010) together with the definition of the Post-EPS payload complement.

16. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 16 Relation to GMES Sentinels 4&5 – Scientific Activities  The ESA scientific study “Observation Techniques and Mission Concepts for Atmospheric Chemistry” (CAMELOT) is currently running in parallel to the Sentinel -4 and -5 industrial studies with the aim of providing further scientific advice and support to the industrial teams on implementation of critical requirements, orbit trade-offs, and other related issues  Additionally, ESA funding available for an air quality impact study and a limb-sounding study  Completed MTG studies also relevant  EUMETSAT can run additional science studies to support the process as necessary

17. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 17 Sentinel 4 Mission Objectives Spectral Characteristics Spatial Coverage

18. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 18 Sentinel 4 – Mission Objectives  Sentinel-4 will be focussed on air quality  Main data products  O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO and aerosol optical depth  The specific objective is to support air quality monitoring and forecast over Europe with high revisit time (~1 hour) for the period of time between 2017 and 2032

19. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 19 Sentinel 4 – Spectral Characteristics

20. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 20 Sentinel 4 – Spatial and Temporal Sampling  Repeat cycle < 1 hour with a goal of 0.5 hr  Spatial sampling distance at 45N, 0E <8km  Spatial Coverage (acquisition is only required in the sunlit part of the orbit whenever the Sun Zenith Angle at the observed spatial sample is <92º and the Observation Zenith Angle is <75º)

21. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 21 Conclusions  Atmospheric Chemistry requirements are an essential element in the implementation of future European GEO/LEO missions  ESA & EUMETSAT have taken all necessary steps with the EC to ensure accommodation of GMES S4 on MTG, with full support of ESA & EUMETSAT Delegations  MTG Ground Segment will provide all necessary processing elements and data dissemination capabilities  Same approach has been taken for GMES Sentinel 5

22. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 22 Additional slides …

23. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 23 Core services  Standard operational products and information services providing direct support to European policy and information on global issues  Sustained public funding (EU & Member States)  Pilot service “GMES Atmospheric Service (GAS)”: EU FP7 activity “MACC” to start 2009; negotiation ongoing  Precursor / development activities: GEMS (EU FP6 Integrated Project), PROMOTE (ESA GMES Service Element) Downstream services  Targeted services that address specific user requirements, or trans-national, national, regional or local problems  EU not directly driving the service and not responsible for service requirements  Use core service data as input  Call to be issued  Precursor / development activities: PROMOTE, national developments GMES Atmosphere Service

24. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 24 Air quality  integrated global and European air quality analysis  integrated global and European air quality forecast  historic records of Global and European atmospheric composition Climate forcing  improved and sustained monitoring of the state of the climate system (surface and upper air meteorology and composition) and its variability  integrated global, European and regional concentration fields of key greenhouse gases (CO 2, CH 4 and related tracers) enabling determination of sources and sinks Stratospheric ozone and solar radiation  improved and sustained monitoring of the current status and trends in stratospheric ozone depletion and ozone depleting gases  routine provision of updated ozone, UV and solar radiation maps and forecasts  historic European UV and solar radiation records and mapping Core Service Components

25. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 25 Air Quality  local air quality forecasts, e.g. as input to traffic regulation  Improved air-quality-related alerts and forecasts for health services supporting vulnerable communities (COPD, asthma, pollen-induced allergies)  daily compliance with air-quality legislation (threshold exceedance warning)  support to development of effective air pollution abatement measures through proper apportionment of sources and assessment of impacts (human exposure) etc  forecasts for extreme events involving the combined effects of heat stress, high UV- B exposure and poor air quality Climate Change  information for rapid response to extreme weather events and natural catastrophes  identification, assessment and monitoring of regional/local sources and sinks of greenhouse gases and pollutants and related tracers in support of emission and sink verification and mitigation policy. Stratospheric Ozone and Solar Radiation  surface UV-radiation monitoring and forecasting  personalized skin-type specific UV information Examples of Downstream Services

26. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 26 Environmental Themes, Data Usage and Services Environmental Theme Data usage Ozone Layer & Surface UV radiation Air Quality Climate Protocol Monitoring UNEP Vienna Convention; Montreal and subs. Protocols CFC emission verification Stratospheric ozone, halogen and surface UV distribution and trend monitoring UN/ECE CLRTAP; EMEP / Göteborg Protocol; EC directives EAP / CAFE AQ emission verification AQ distribution and trend monitoring UNFCCC Rio Convention; Kyoto Protocol; Climate policy EU GHG and aerosol emission verification GHG/aerosol distribution and trend monitoring Near Real Time Services Stratospheric composition and surface UV forecast NWP assimilation and (re-) analysis Local Air Quality (BL); Health warnings (BL) Chemical Weather (BL/FT) Aviation routing (UT) NWP assimilation and (re-) analysis Climate monitoring Climate model validation Assessment (lower priority for operational mission) Long-term global data records WMO Ozone assessments Stratospheric chemistry and transport processes; UV radiative transport processes Halogen source attribution UV health & biological effects Long-term global, regional, and local data records UNEP, EEA assessments Regional & local boundary layer AQ processes; Tropospheric chemistry and long-range transport processes AQ source attribution AQ Health and safety effects Long-term global data records IPCC assessments Earth System, climate, rad. forcing processes; UTLS transport-chemistry processes Forcing agents source attribution Socio-economic climate effects

27. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 27 Ozone Layer & global Surface UV radiation threshold : Europe + surrounding areas (e.g. monitoring of EC directives and national AQ legislation, short-term air quality forecast) Air Qualitytarget : global (monitoring, assessment and forecast of global air quality, the oxidising capacity, and the quantification of continental in/outflow) Climateglobal ABC 1A1B1C1 2A2B2C2 3A3B3C3 ABC 1A1B1C1 2A2B2C2 3A3B3C3 ABC 1A1B1C1 2A2B2C2 3A3B3C3 Geographical Coverage Requirements

28. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 28 Consortium KNMI – leadSRONRAL Univ. of LeicesterFMIBIRA-IASB IFAC-CNRNoveltisUniv. of Köln Duration April 07 – April 09 Camelot Study

29. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 29  complementation of existing geophysical observation requirements with meteorological and possibly other auxiliary data requirements and delivery time requirements  contributions to trade-offs among different observation principles for several chemical species and parameters  derivation of comprehensive instrument performance requirements from the geophysical observation requirements with previously identified observation principles  quantification of the effects of cloud interference as a function of geophysical and observational parameters  contributions to the trade-off between orbit scenarios  support to parallel Sentinel 4&5 phase 0 and phase A system studies  recommendations for changes and additions to the MRD Camelot Study - Objectives

30. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 30 EU documents on GAS GAS Orientation paper and workshop report, 12/2006 FP7 Cooperation Work Programme Space, 6/2007 GAS IG WG4 Draft Report and Summary, 3/2008 GAS precursor projects FP7 Integrated Project GEMS GMES Service Element PROMOTE Environment and climate protection protocols Vienna convention – Montreal protocol, UNFCCC – Kyoto protocol UNECE – CLRTAP, EU directives Related work on observation requirements IGOS-IGACO Theme report GCOS implementation plan WCRP-SPARC long-term observation requirements EU GMES-GATO report EU FP projects, e.g. Create-Daedalus, Evergreen Eumetsat user consultation and studies in the frame of MTG / post-EPS ESA studies on CO 2 monitoring ESA study on atmospheric chemistry observation requirements ESA study dedicated to S4&5 requirements (“CAPACITY”) incl. user workshop ESA study on radiance requirements (“CAMELOT”), ongoing Major Sentinel 4&5 MRD References

31. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 31 A. Research missions Envisat, Aura, Odin, Scisat, Mopitt (ongoing) OCO, Gosat (2009) Wealth of data for science Advanced stratospheric component Pathfinders for tropospheric applications Main deficiencies:  Temporal resolution, horizontal sampling / coverage in nadir  Vertical resolution in limb All expected to stop ≤ 2014, no new plans Assessment of Existing and Planned Missions (1/4)

32. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 32 B. Operational missions MetOp 2006GOME-2, IASI NPP / NPOESS2009/13OMPS, CRIS MTG2017IRS post-EPS2019IRS OMPS designed for stratospheric ozone monitoring considered appropriate for this purpose; OMPS also limb some contribution to NWP contributions to tropospheric applications limited, due to insufficient temporal sampling (~ 1/week/geo-location cloud-free) and too coarse horizontal resolution OMPS not expected to deliver useful tropospheric data (spectral coverage and resolution, SNR) Assessment of Existing and Planned Missions (2/4)

33. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 33 B. Operational missions (cont’d) MetOp 2006GOME-2, IASI NPP / NPOESS2009/13OMPS, CRIS MTG2017IRS post-EPS2019IRS GOME-2 target species O3 profile, total column O3, NO2, tropospheric NO2, SO2, HCHO, BrO, aerosol optical depth, clear sky UV index, UV including clouds and surface albedo … contributes to NWP spatial resolution (40 km x 80 km) not optimal for tropospheric applications near-daily coverage (1920km swath) Assessment of Existing and Planned Missions (3/4)

34. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 34 B. Operational missions (cont’d) Infrared Sounders IASI: chemical products: H 2 O, O 3, CH 4, N 2 O, CO, HNO 3, SO 2 H 2 O vertical profiles; some vertical info for tropospheric O 3, CO Post-EPS IRS: instrument not yet defined (phase 0 starting) primary Eumetsat objective for IRS is NWP secondary Eumetsat objective for IRS is air quality / chemistry-climate interaction (requirements harmonised with S4&5) CRIS: met instrument (low spectral resolution) – chemistry limited MTG IRS: limited contribution – assessment vis-à-vis S4&5 requirements ongoing Assessment of existing and planned missions (4/4)

35. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 35  High temporal and spatial resolution space-based measurements of tropospheric (PBL) composition for application to air quality  Climate gases (CO 2, CH 4 and precursor CO) and aerosol monitoring with sensitivity to the PBL  High vertical resolution measurements in the UT/LS region for ozone and climate applications Main Gaps in Current / Planned Operational System ABC 1A1B1C1 2A2B2C2 3A3B3C3 ABC 1A1B1C1 2A2B2C2 3A3B3C3 ABC 1A1B1C1 2A2B2C2 3A3B3C3

36. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 36 CO 2 mission for Kyoto protocol verification :  Severe random and systematic measurement error requirements  Uncertainties of inverse modelling (transport PBL – free troposphere)  Uncertainties in modelling of natural surface fluxes CO 2 considered immature for operational mission as recognised by dedicated ESA study (CNRS-LSCE et al.) Capacity study consortium Post-EPS atmospheric chemistry AEG. CO 2 mission on natural surface fluxes  First significant results from AIRS and Sciamachy available  Dedicated research missions to come (OCO, Gosat)  Very demanding spec’s → a mission of its own  Advanced mission being investigated in Earth Explorer programme Carbon Dioxide

37. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 37 EUMETSAT Objectives & Mission  The primary objective is to establish, maintain and exploit European systems of operational meteorological satellites.  A further objective is to contribute to the operational monitoring of the climate as well as the detection of global climatic changes.  Furthermore, environmental issues which drive or are driven by meteorological conditions are considered. Objectives:  To deliver operational satellite data and products that satisfy the meteorological and climate data requirements of its Member States - 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, through decades.  This is carried out according to the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Mission:

38. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 38 The EUMETSAT Application Ground Segment EUM Geostationary Systems Systems of the EUM/NOAA Cooperation Centralised processing and generation of products Decentralised processing and generation of products Data Acquisition and Control Data Processing EUMETSAT HQ Meteorological Products Extraction EUMETSAT HQ Archive & Retrieval Facility (U-MARF) EUMETSAT HQ Satellite Application Facilities (SAFs) USERS Application Ground Segment other data sources

39. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 39 EUMETSAT Space Segment Overview

40. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 40 Meteosat Third Generation (MTG)  The UVS mission was studied at instrument level only (not at system level) during pre-Phase A activities but not studied further  Decision endorsed by Council, however, Council also tasked EUM to coordinate with ESA for Implementation of the UVS within GMES, preserving the role of EUM as Operator. This is reflected in the agreed approach for MTG for the ESA C-MIN-08.  Twin satellite configuration also endorsed by EUMETSAT council with the second platform the MTG-S carrying the IRS  With this, a UVS Mission (as Sentinel 4) shall be accommodated within the design margins offered by the MTG Sounding Satellites  The IRS primarily targets meteorological applications but is also expected to provide information on O3 and CO.

41. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 41 Relation to GMES Sentinels 4&5 – Context  Following decisions taken at the 60 th EUMETSAT Council (December 2006) ―It is recognised that MTG and post-EPS atmospheric chemistry requirements shall be implemented in the context of GMES ―"According to current plans Sentinels-4 and -5 will be implemented as additional payloads on the Eumetsat MTG and post-EPS missions, and will be operated by Eumetsat as part of the overall MTG and post-EPS management procedures.“  Similar decisions taken at ESA PBEO in September 2006  “ESA-EUMETSAT Working Assumptions on GMES Sentinels-4 and -5” finalised for presentation to EUMETSAT Council and ESA PB-EO by end of 2007, confirmed in 2008 and in use for preparation of C-MIN-08.

42. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 42 Post EPS Atmospheric Chemistry Mission: Approach to Generating Requirements  Generated by a dedicated Application Expert Group (AEG)  Heritage ―Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations (IGACO) Report from the IGOS Atmospheric Chemistry Theme Partners ―ESA commissioned CAPACITY study to define the Geophysical Data Requirements for an Operational Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring Mission  Requirements specified for satellite observations only  Prioritisation per application remaining aware of observing feasibility

43. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 43 Post-EPS Atmospheric Chemistry Mission: User Data Requirements Tables  Ozone & Surface UV ―Priority 1 (protocol/forecast): O3 stratosphere/UT profile & column ―Priority 2 (assessment): stratospheric ClO, BrO, HNO3 & aerosol (heterogeneous chemistry)  Composition – Climate Interaction ―Priority 1: O3 & H2O profiles; trop CH4 (emissions) ―Priority 2: CO2 (emissions); trop CO & NO2 (chemistry); stratospheric N2O/CH4 (circulation); AOD & cirrus  Pollution & Air Quality ―Priority 1 (regulation/AQ index) O3, NO2, CO, SO2, AOD ―Priority 2 (forecast): H2O, H2CO, aerosol type

44. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 44 Post-EPS Atmospheric Chemistry Candidate Missions  Considering data reqs for the three applications and drawing on the extensive assessment of observing techniques for CAPACITY, four main candidate missions proposed for atmospheric chemistry applications  Nadir-viewing uv-swir and ir spectrometers complementary in (a) near-surface sensitivity and (b) detectable constituents ―Requirements for near-surface observations of trace gases and aerosol addressed by this combination  Limb-viewing mm-wave and IR spectrometers complementary in (a) cirrus sensitivity and (b) detectable constituents ―Requirements for vertical profiling addressed optimally by combination of limb- and nadir-sounding

45. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 45 Overall Status Phase A EUMETSAT roadmap 2009 2008 2011 2007 Phase B Start Phase C/D 201220132010 ESA roadmap 2009 2008 2011 2007 201220132010 Council Approved the MTG PP Council Full Programme Approval ESA C-MIN NOV. 2008 Approval full Programme Go-ahead for Phase B PCR PRR Phase A Preparatory Programme PRR PCR Council 9 Oct. MTG Payload Complement

46. European plans for Operational Monitoring of Atmospheric CompositionSlide: 46 GAS WG 4 recommends that: 1.Use of existing data dissemination infrastructure, such as EUMETCast and GEONETCast, should be encouraged, especially for GAS near real time applications 2.Existing assets such as the Climate Monitoring and Ozone / Atmospheric Chemistry SAFs established by EUMETSAT contribute to the GAS provision as needed. Recommendations for Use of Existing Infrastructure & Assets