1. Old China

2. Chinese Civilization Middle Kingdom –Referred to as center of the civilized world –Limited contact with outsiders Emperor had no interest in opening relations with a kingdom he thought was inferior to China

3. Chinese Civilization-continued Contributions –Gunpowder Used in fireworks and cannons –Method of printing Block printing –Seismograph Used to measure earthquakes

4. Chinese Civilization-continued Contributions –Paper Used paper 1,000 years before Europeans –Pottery Luxury for wealthy Westerners –Great Wall of China Designed to keep invaders out World’s longest man-made structure

5. Chinese Civilization-continued Acupuncture –Method of inserting different-size needles into specific points of the body Needles used to lessen pain and cure diseases

6. Dynastic Rule Dynasty –A line of rulers from the same family Shang Dynasty –United Chinese villages around 1600 B.C. in Huang He Valley

7. Dynastic Rule-continued Qin Dynasty –Laid foundations for system of government that lasted more 2,000 years –Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi held absolute power Created a bureaucracy to carry out his orders –Group of specialized government agencies

8. Dynastic Rule-continued Specialized agencies carried out large projects Qin ordered building of Great Wall of China –Longest man-made structure in world –Tourist attraction today

9. Dynastic Rule-continued Ming Dynasty –Built most of what remains today of the Great Wall of China Terracotta Warriors –Army of baked clay figures buried with Qin dynasty royalty –Royal tomb carefully built to last which contains artifacts that show how royal lives were led in China

10. Mandate of Heaven –Theory or idea Chinese used to explain the changes in rulers Heaven, a force that controlled the universe, gave the emperor the mandate, or right to rule Emperor had to rule wisely to receive mandate –Disasters showed a dynasty had lost Heaven’s favor People could rebel to bring new rulers to power

11. Mandate of Heaven-continued Mandate of Heaven reflects Confucian idea that rulers must lead the people in a moral and upright way Confucian ideas guided all areas of government –Emperors used officials educated in Confucian thought –Government set up an examination system for government positions Government changed little no matter who was the emperor

12. Questions 1.Confucian ideas guided all areas of government, so government policies and activities remained the same despite change in dynasties. 2.The empire was huge, its people were inventive, and the transportation system enabled China to become prosperous through trade.

13. Questions-continued 3. For its time, it was probably the largest fleet ever assembled and gone so far. It went as far as the African coast and had over 28,000 people. 4. Overseas expeditions meant contact with the ideas of other cultures, as well as trade and exploration. China believed it had everything its people needed. Therefore, it had no need of the outside world.