2.  Why did the Persians attack Greece?  What famous battle started the Persian wars?  Who were the father and son that led Persia during the Persian wars?

3.  Standard WHI.5  Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:  Characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles  Citing contributions in philosophy with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle  Evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War  Essential Questions:  Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture?  What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western Civilization?  Why was the Peloponnesian War important in the spread of Greek culture?

4.  Athens just out of Persian wars  Leading member of Delian league  Led to Golden Age  Drama  Sculpture  Poetry  Philosophy  Architecture  Science

5.  Led Athens through Golden Age  461- 429 B.C.E.  Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general  Three goals  Strengthen Athenian democracy  Hold and strengthen the empire  Glorify Athens

6.  Increased # of public officials  Only wealthy could hold office before because positions were unpaid  Increased paid salaries  Made Athens one of the most democratic governments in history  Introduction of direct democracy  Citizens rule directly and not through representatives  Males who served in the assembly established all important policies

7.  Direct democracy  Large number of citizens involved with government (mass meetings)  Most Adult males had an equal voice  Assembly was strong, 43,000 members  Meetings every 10 days on a hillside  Only 6,000 present  Paid a stipend to men who held public office- meant even poor could take part

8.  Created Juries  10 generals ran day to day affairs  Practiced Ostracism  Protected Athens from over-ambitious politicians  Could banish them from Athens  Bannished for 10 years

9.  Pericles wanted to enlarge wealth and power of Athens  Used money from Delian league to build Navy  Strengthened safety of empire  Prosperity depended on waterways  Needed overseas trade to obtain grain and other raw materials

10.  Used money to beautify Athens  Buy gold, ivory, and marble  Used to build Parthenon  Pay artisans

12.  Sparta declared war on Athens 431 B.C.E.  Called Peloponnesian War  Advantages:  Athens: Navy  Sparta: Infantry  Sparta attacks:  Sparta invades Athens  Burned countryside and food supply  Pericles had everyone come into city behind wall  Problems for Athens:  Plague in 432 B.C.E.  Navy defeated when they attacked Spartan ally Syracuse in 413 B.C.E.

14.  War continued for nine years until Athens surrendered  27 years of war  Athens loses empire  Confidence in democratic government wanes  Greece weakening, while Macedonia is rising to power  History: Thucydides account of the war  Set example for historians  Condemned atrocities  Objective approach

15.  Philosophers  Lovers of wisdom  Determined to seek truth  Based on two assumptions  Universe was put together in orderly way and subject to unchanging laws  People can understand through logic and reason  Three famous philosophers  Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

16.  Beliefs:  Absolute standards for truth and justice  Question yourself and moral character  Socratic method  Quote:  “the unexamined life is not worth living”  Trial:  At age 70 brought to trial for “corrupting the youths of Athens”  Argued his defense  Was condemned to death

17.  Student of Socrates  Set up a school called “the Academy”  Wrote The Republic  His vision of a perfect society  Not a democracy  Three groups:  Artisans, warriors, ruling class  Ruled by philosopher-king  Lasting Importance  Dominated European philosophical thought for 1,500 years

18.  Beliefs:  Questioned nature of the world and human belief, thought, and knowledge  Invented method of arguing  Applied method to psychology, physics, and biology  Basis of scientific method  Set up a school, the Lyceum, studied all branches of knowledge  Famous student:  Alexander the Great

19.  Standard WHI.5  Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:  Characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles  Citing contributions in philosophy with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle  Evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War  Essential Questions:  Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture?  What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western Civilizaiton?  Why was the Peloponnesian War important in the spread of Greek culture?