1. Sport Books Publisher1 Vitamins Serve as coenzymes in chemical reactions ‘Organic’ because they contain carbon atoms Required in small amounts Necessary for 1.Growth 2.Reproduction 3.Health Maintenance

2. Sport Books Publisher2 Vitamins Two classifications, 1.Water-soluble vitamins; and 2.Fat-soluble vitamins  Based on the ability to dissolve in either water or fat tissue, respectively

3. Sport Books Publisher3 Water-soluble Vitamins Not stored Excess eliminated in the urine Include vitamin C and B-complex vitamins Dissolve quickly in water, so overcooking fruits and vegetables in water will result in the vitamins being lost to the water

4. Sport Books Publisher4 Fat-soluble Vitamins Includes vitamins A, D, E, K When taken in excess, these vitamins are stored in fat tissue Over-consumption of these vitamins (especially A and D) can result in toxicity

5. Sport Books Publisher5 Antioxidants Formed from vitamins Aid in preserving healthy cells When the body breaks down fats, or uses oxygen, free radicals are formed Free radicals can damage cell membranes and mutate genes Antioxidants react with free radicals to decrease their negative effects Include vitamins E, C, beta carotene (from vitamin A)

6. Sport Books Publisher6 Minerals Numerous functions in the body ‘Inorganic’ because they do not contain carbon atoms Necessary for 1.Structural elements (teeth, hormones, muscles) 2.Regulation of body functions (muscle contractions, blood clotting, heart function) 3.Aid in the growth and maintenance of body tissues 4.Catalytic action in energy release

7. Sport Books Publisher7 Minerals major minerals are found in relatively large amounts in the body Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Sulfur Sodium Potassium trace elements are needed in small amounts Zinc Iron Copper Fluoride Iodine Selenium Approximately 17-21 identified essential minerals

8. Sport Books Publisher8 Vitamins and Minerals Needed in small amounts Essential component to good health Consumption of too little or too much can have detrimental effects To ensure adequate intake, eat a balanced diet with variety