1. ASCARIASIS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND MEXICO ASHANTI T. HARRIS, MPH STUDENT WALDEN UNIVERSITY PUBH 6165 DR. PATRICK TSCHIDA FALL, 2011

2. Expected Learning Outcomes  What is Ascariasis?  History of Ascariasis  Cause of Ascariasis  Transmission  Prevalence  Symptoms  Diagnosis  How Can You Protect Yourself?

3. What is Ascariasis?  A disease caused by eating or drinking food that is infested with eggs of roundworms (PubMed Health, 2011).  Associated with hygiene, sanitation, places where human fertilizer is used (PubMed Health, 2011). PubMed Health (2011). Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001652/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001652/

4. Cause of Ascariasis  Parasite: Ascaris lumbricoides (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010).  Acaris is known as a soil-transmitted helminth (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Parasites – Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/

5. Transmission  Ascaris lives in the intestines (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010).  Ascaris eggs are passed through feces of infected individuals (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010).  Eggs can be transmitted to fingers and hands and then into the mouth from contaminated soil or fruits and vegetables (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Parasites – Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/

6. Prevalence  In tropical and subtropical regions (Mayo Clinic, 2010).  Uncommon in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). Mayo Clinic (2010). Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Parasites – Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/

7. Symptoms  Normally there are no symptoms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010).  Cough, wheezing, chest pain, gas, bulging belly, diarrhea, nausea, and anorexia (MedScape, 2008). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Parasites – Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/ Medscape (2008). Ascariasis Clinical Presentation. Retrieved October 22, 2011 from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212510-clinical http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212510-clinical

8. Diagnosis  Stool specimen (Mayo Clinic, 2010)  Blood test (Mayo Clinic, 2010)  X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans or MRIs (Mayo Clinic, 2010) Mayo Clinic (2010). Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688/DSECTION=tests-and-diagnosis http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688/DSECTION=tests-and-diagnosis

9. Treatment  Medications:  Albendazole (Mayo Clinic, 2010)  Ivermectin (Mayo Clinic, 2010)  Mebendazole (Mayo Clinic, 2010)  Surgery (Mayo Clinic, 2010) Mayo Clinic (2010). Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

10. How Can You Protect Yourself?  Practice good personal hygiene (Mayo Clinic, 2010)  Be a cautious traveler (Mayo Clinic, 2010) Mayo Clinic (2010). Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

11. Summary  Ascariasis  Cause  Transmission  Prevalence  Symptoms  Diagnosis  Treatment  Prevention

12. References  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Parasites – Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/  Mayo Clinic (2010). Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ascariasis/DS00688  Medscape (2008). Ascariasis Clinical Presentation. Retrieved October 22, 2011 from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212510-clinical http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212510-clinical  PubMed Health (2011). Ascariasis. Retrieved October 19, 2011 from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001652/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001652/

13. Other Informative Sources  KidsHealth  http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/stomach/ascariasis.html http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/stomach/ascariasis.html  MedlinePlus  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000628.htm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000628.htm  National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases  http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/ascariasis/Pages/default.aspx http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/ascariasis/Pages/default.aspx  World Health Organization  http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/ascariasis/en/ http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/ascariasis/en/  Global Network  http://globalnetwork.org/about-ntds/factsheets/ascariasis http://globalnetwork.org/about-ntds/factsheets/ascariasis

14. ¿Questions?