1. Observer Scanner Training Navigational Elements Section 5 by 1st Lt. Alan Fenter

2. Level II Technician Rating Section 1: Great & Small Circles Objective: Discuss the earth as a sphere, and define “great circle” and “small circle”.

3. Level II Technician Rating Great & Small Circles A great circle is an imaginary circle on the surface of a sphere whose center and radius are those of the sphere itself. Small circles are just other than Great circles. Diameter through the poles is 27 miles smaller than the size of the equator.

4. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding What is the difference in size of the equator and a diameter from one pole to another? Diameter between the poles is 27 miles smaller than at the equator.

5. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Why is it safe to assume the earth is a perfect sphere for navigation purposes? Because we are navigating small distances compared to the entire earth’s surface

6. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Define great circle and small circle and give an example of each. A Great circle is an imaginary circle on the surface of a sphere whose center and radius are those of the sphere itself. (Longitude or Equator) Small circles are just other than Great circles. (latitude other than equator)

7. Level II Technician Rating Section 2: Lines of Reference Objective: Complete statements concerning position as determined by lines of longitude and latitude.

8. Level II Technician Rating Lines of Reference These lines are known as Parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude

9. Level II Technician Rating Latitude & Longitude The location of the latitude is determined by figuring the angle at the center of the earth between the latitude and the equator.

10. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding The imaginary lines used to locate positions on the earth are called parallels of _____________ and meridians of _____________. Latitude Longitude

11. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding The great circle midway between the poles is the ________. equator

12. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding All other latitudes are ______ _______. Small Circles

13. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding The identification number of a latitude is determined by the angle at the center of the earth between the latitude and the _________. equator

14. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Since there are 2 latitudes in each hemisphere with the same number, the designators ____ and ____ are used to tell the difference. N S

15. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Longitudes indicate ____-____ location. East West

16. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Longitude is measured from Greenwich, England, whose line of longitude is known as the ______ ________. Prime Meridian

17. Level II Technician Rating Section 3: Locating a Position Objective: Complete statements concerning the locating of positions using longitude and latitude lines, and determining the direction a craft will fly.

18. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding The highest degree of latitude is ____ and of longitude is ____. 90 180

19. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding A degree of latitude or longitude can be subdivided into _______ and _______. minutesseconds

20. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding The lines east or west of the prime meridian are called _________. longitude

21. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding The position of one point relative to another without reference to distance between them is called _________. direction

22. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding The old direction compass for air navigation has been replaced by a new one called ______________. Compass Rose

23. Level II Technician Rating Section 4: Navigational Terminology Objective: Match terminology of direction with the proper meaning.

24. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Intended horizontal direction of travel CourseDistance HeadingKilometer Nautical MileSpeed Statute Mile871.15

25. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding The horizontal direction in which an aircraft is pointed. CourseDistance HeadingKilometer Nautical MileSpeed Statute Mile871.15

26. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Measured by the length of a line joining two points. CourseDistance HeadingKilometer Nautical MileSpeed Statute Mile871.15

27. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Most common unit for measuring distance in navigation CourseDistance HeadingKilometer Nautical MileSpeed Statute Mile871.15

28. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Common distance of 5,280 feet. CourseDistance HeadingKilometer Nautical MileSpeed Statute Mile871.15

29. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Measure of distance in Europe. CourseDistance HeadingKilometer Nautical MileSpeed Statute Mile871.15

30. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding The rate of change of position measured in miles per hour. CourseDistance HeadingKilometer Nautical MileSpeed Statute Mile871.15

31. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Used to convert statute miles to nautical miles. CourseDistance HeadingKilometer Nautical MileSpeed Statute Mile871.15

32. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Used to convert nautical miles to statute miles. CourseDistance HeadingKilometer Nautical MileSpeed Statute Mile871.15

33. Level II Technician Rating Time EasternCentralMountainPacific 360 degrees/24 hours = 15 degrees of longitude

34. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding What three units of measurement other than degrees used in longitude and latitude? Hours, Minutes, and Seconds

35. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding How many degrees of longitude or latitude are represented by one hour? 15

36. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding What is the name of the line of longitude where time zones begin? Prime Meridian

37. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Is the time earlier or later in time zones east of a specific zone? later

38. Level II Technician Rating Check for Understanding Name the four time zones in the adjacent 48 states. 1.Eastern 2.Central 3.Mountain 4.Pacific