1. Energy Transfer Subtitle

2. Objectives Review Earth System Review the Water cycle Go over heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation Review Greenhouse Effect July 22, 2012Footer text here2

3. What are the different systems of the Earth? A system is a set of interacting parts/members that form an integrated whole Think of the organ systems within your body and how they all have individual parts/organs but function as a whole

4. What are the different systems of the Earth? Atmosphere – “atmos” means vapor/gas; the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth Hydrosphere – “hydro” means water; all the water and the vapor in the atmosphere Cryosphere – “cryos” means ice/freezing; the region of the earth’s surface that is frozen throughout the year

5. What are the different systems of the Earth? Geosphere - “geo” means earth; the solid earth Biosphere – “bio” means living; the area in which there are living organisms

6. How is water transferred through Earth’s systems? The hydrologic (Water) cycle Evaporation – liquid to gaseous state Condensation – gaseous to liquid state Melting – solid to liquid state Freezing – liquid to solid state Transpiration – evaporation from plants Precipitation – from atmosphere back to geosphere/biosphere/hydrosphere

7. Transferred Thermal Energy Heat – is defined as energy transferred from one system to another when the systems are at different temperatures “Hot” and “cold” are used to compare one object’s temperature to another or its surroundings Ex: “It was really cold this morning” – no it wasn’t, the atmosphere was just a lower temperature than your body temperature

8. Why do some things feel hot, while others feel cold? When systems with different temperatures touch energy is transferred from the higher temperature system to the lower temperature system. Ex. Feet on a cold tile floor. Energy is drained from your feet to the tile floor making your feet feel colder. Ex. Your hand on a warm metal pot handle. Energy is gained from the handle to your hand making it feel warmer.

9. Explain why a doctor’s stethoscope feel cold when it touches your back? Answer the question in your own words

10. Other Important Information Heat always moves from a warmer place to a cooler place Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

11. Heat and Thermal Energy July 22, 2012Footer text here11 Thermal Energy – the total kinetic (moving) energy of the particles that make up a substance The amount of thermal energy an object has depends on two factors. The temperature - When two substances of equal mass have different temperatures, the substance with the higher temperature has more thermal energy The Mass - The greater the mass of a substance of a given temperature, the more thermal energy it has.

12. Thermal Energy Transfer Sketch and summarize the information in Figure 2. July 22, 2012Footer text here12

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14. What will happen if two objects at different temperatures come into contact? Answer question in your own words Other Important Information Heat always moves from a warmer place to a cooler place Specific Heat- the measure of the amount of energy required to increase the temperature 0f 1 g of substance by 1 o C July 22, 2012Footer text here14

15. What three examples of heat transfer are given? July 22, 2012Footer text here15

16. What are the three ways that thermal energy is transferred? Conduction Conduction – transfer of energy through materials touching All atoms are vibrating, which means they have kinetic energy. Hot atoms have more energy. When hot atoms bump into cold atoms, they transfer energy Closer atoms mean more collisions Conductor vs. Insulator

17. Conductor-allows energy in the form of heat, to be transferred within the material, without any movement of the material itself Insulator- material that does not allow a transfer of electricity or energy. Materials that are poor thermal conductors can also be described as being good thermal insulators. July 22, 2012Footer text here17

18. What are the three ways that thermal energy is transferred? Convection Convection – transfers heat through moving currents in gases or liquids Hot liquids and gases are less dense and rise. Cool liquids and gases are more dense and sink. These are convection currents.

19. What are the three ways that thermal energy is transferred? Radiation – transfers heat through electromagnetic radiation; occurs even in a vacuum (empty space), doesn’t need to transfer through contact of atoms All energy on earth comes originally from the sun. Space is a vacuum, so only radiation can travel through space to earth

20. Convection Currents : a current in a fluid that results from convection. July 22, 2012Footer text here20

21. Radiation and the Greenhouse Effect July 22, 2012Footer text here21