1. V OLCANOES By : Charlotte Adams :]

2. W HAT IS A VOLCANO ? A volcano is mountain with an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface.

3. W HERE ARE VOLCANOES FORMED ? Volcanoes are usually formed on tectonic plate boundaries where the plates have converged.

4. C INDER C ONE V OLCANOES These are one of the simplest types volcanoes.

5. C OMPOSITE V OLCANOES. Also called Stratovolcanoes. Form mountains

6. S HIELD VOLCANOES Composed mostly of fluid lava.

7. T HE EVOLUTION OF THE V OLCANO. A – magma and lava. B – the cone is built. C – erosion starts to destroy the cone. D - continued erosion removes the cone.

8. T OP 10 L ARGEST V OLCANOES IN THE W ORLD. 1. Mount Mazama/Crater Lake, Oregon 2. Mount Etna, Sicily 3. Mount Vesuvius, Italy 4. Mount Tambora, Indonesia 5. Mount Krakatau, Indonesia 6. Mount Pelee, Martinique 7. Parícutin, Mexico 8. Mount St. Helens, Washington 9. Nevada del Ruiz, Colombia 10. Mount Pinatubo, Philippines

9. A CTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE U NITED S TATES.

10. U NDERWATER V OLCANOES They estimate that in total there could be about 3 million submarine volcanoes. Researchers have counted 201,055 underwater cones.

11. F ACTS ABOUT V OLCANOES. More than 80% of the Earth’s surface is volcanic in origin. There are about 1,500 active volcanoes in the world that have erupted in the past 10,000 years.

12. F ACTS C ONTINUED … Jupiter’s moons are the most volcanic places in the solar system. More than half of the world’s active volcanoes above sea level encircle the Pacific Ocean to form the “Ring of Fire”. The rock debris carried by the blast of Mount St. Helen’s eruption traveled as fast as 250 miles per hour!

13. S IGNALS TO PREDICT AN ERUPTION Increasing temperature of hot springs near the volcano. Changes in the shape of the volcano and the surrounding land. Increase of hot gases and ash from the vents Small earthquakes around the volcano.