1. inner core crust mantle outer core

3. reverse fault

4. normal fault

5. strike-slip fault

6. thrust or reverse fault

7. normal fault

8. strike-slip fault

9. P Waves P Waves push and pull motion fastest-moving waves travel in straight path move through solid and liquid material

10. move in up-and-down zigzag pattern move more slowly than P waves cannot travel through liquid material S Waves S Waves

11. P wave

12. S wave

13. Love wave

14. Rayleigh wave

15. MercalliRichter measures magnitude measures destruction based on man’s observations

16. 2.0 - 2.9 4.0 - 4.9 5.0 - 5.9 6.0 - 6.9 7.0 - 7.9 8.0 - 8.9 3.0 - 3.9 Richter Scale Effects

17. magma chamber vent lava ash side vent side vent crater

18. Classifying Volcanoes Classifying Volcanoes by shape by type of eruption by how often they erupt

19. by shape cinder cone shield composite cone hill-shaped with a bowl- like crater upside-down- saucer- shaped symmetrical, cone-shaped

20. shield volcano

21. cinder cone volcano

22. composite cone volcano

23. shield cinder cone composite cone

24. by how often they erupt extinct dormant active

25. has erupted during recorded history is expected to erupt again

26. dormant erupted in distant past not expected to erupt again

27. extinct does not have a recorded eruption is not expected to erupt

28. by type of eruption Plinian Pelean Vulcanian avalanche of red-hot dust and gases; pyroclastic flow violent, loud explosion of lava, ashes, cinders, and gases most powerful eruption, spewing lava, gas, and dust into atmosphere Hawaiian/ Strombolian quiet, runny lava; little or no cinder, ash, or steam