2. Classical Canons of Speech Design  Invention  Arrangement  Style  Memory  Delivery

3. Purpose The goal of the speech; the response sought from listeners  Inform - seeks to increase knowledge and understanding  Convince – seeks to influence beliefs or opinions; seeks agreement or conviction  Motivating - seeks to move someone to action  Celebration – honors, praises, commemorates person or event ***These are rarely clear or mutually exclusive.

4. Writing a purpose… What is your goal for the speech? “I want….”

5. Once we have a topic and purpose, we write a thesis statement that is reflective of those elements:  Thesis Statement: A succinct statement of the central idea or claim made by the speech; a statement that sums up what you want your audience to remember—your major message

6. Sample Thesis  One Heart strives to make the purchase of Blue Out t- shirts a civic act by appealing to Schudson’s notion of “shared enterprise” and employs rhetorical devices of pathos, ideology, and commonplace.

7. Claim A statement that may be disputed, and thus requires support, justification or proof; this is what the audience is asked to assent to

8.  Non-Documented  Personal Experience  Common Knowledge  Direct Observation Supporting Materials

9.  Documented  Examples – brief, anecdote, case study  Documents – govt. reports, laws/regs, peer reviewed journals, scientific reports  Statistics – trends, frequency, size  Testimony – lay, prestige, expert; fact, opinion

10. Sample Format for Supporting a Point  Main Idea/CLAIM --Facts, stats --Testimony --Example  Restate original assertion RESULT: CREATION OF PROOF

11. Thinking about Speech Design Strive for:  Simplicity – clear and succinct  Distinctness – each idea is separate  Parallel Structure – points have a similar grammatical structure  Balance – there is logical weight to each segment  Coherence – main ideas have a clear relationship; hang together  Completeness – together they present a clear view of the subject  Orderliness – open with intro, develop main ideas, end with conclusion, follow a consistent pattern of development