1. SENTENCE TYPES: SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX, COMPOUND- COMPLEX Alexis Kitchens

2. Simple sentences  A simple sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and no dependent clause  Therefore a simple sentence can be referred as a independent clause because it can stand by itself as a complete sentence  Since a simple sentence is an independent clause it contains a subject and a verb  A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a complete thought  Ex: Joe waited for the train (subject: Joe, verb: waited)  Ex: the train was late (subject: Train, verb: was)  Ex: I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station (subject: I, verb: looked)

3. Simple sentences  Using compound subjects, compound verbs, prepositional phrases, and other elements lengthen simple sentences  Simple sentence, however, are normally short  Ex: Sara and Tiffany raised the sail.  The sentence above has 2 subjects, Sara and Tiffany. This means it is a compound subject sentence.  Ex: The wind had fallen but was rising quickly by late afternoon  The sentence above has 2 verbs, had fallen and rising quickly. This means it is a compound verb sentence.  Ex: Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.  The sentence above has both 2 subjects and 2 verbs, Mary and Samantha and arrived and left. It is both a compound subject and compound verb sentence.

4. Compound sentence  A compound sentence is a sentence with multiple independent clauses(complete sentences ) but no dependent clauses  Compound sentence consist of two or more simple sentences joined by..  A) a comma by a coordinating conjunction(and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so)  Independent clause, coordinating conjunction independent clause  B)a semicolon (with or without a conjunctive adverb)  Independent clause; conjunctive adverb, independent clause  Independent clause ; independent clause  C)a comma, but only when simple sentences are such: the dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit chewed

5. Compound sentences  Compound sentences are often overused  To many compound sentences using the word “and” as a coordinating conjunction weaken writing  Ex: The clown frightened the little girl, and she ran off screaming.  In the sentence above the coordinating conjunction is and  while the clown frightened the little girl and she ran off screaming are both independent clauses  Ex: Tom reads novels, but Jack reads comics.  The coordinating conjunction is but  While tom reads novels and jack reads comics are independent clauses  Ex: Tom reads novels ; however, Jack reads comics.  Conjunctive adverb is however  While tom reads novels and Jack reads comics  Ex: Tom reads novels ; his friend reads comics  Ex : Joe waited for the train, but the train was late

6. Complex sentence  A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause  The dependent clause is usually headed by a subordinating conjunction (after, although, as, because, before, even though, if etc.)  A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence  Ex: because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon = dependent clause  Dependent clause, independent clause  Ex: Although tom reads novels, Jack reads comics  Independent clause dependent clause  Ex: Jack reads comics although Tom reads novels.  ½ Independent,nonessential dependent clause, ½ independent  Ex: Jack smith, who reads comics, rarely reads novels  ½ Independent essential dependent clause ½ independent  Ex: People who read comics rarely read novels.

7. Complex sentences  Ex: After Mary added up all the sales, she discovered that the lemonade stand was 32 cents short  In the sentence above “after” is the subordinating conjunction which means the word following make up a dependent clause, “ After marry added up all the sales”  Everything after the comma is apart of the independent clause. So “she discovered that the lemonade stand was 32 cents short”  Ex: Though the music was quite long, it was absorbing  Subordinating conjunction is “though” meaning “Though the music was quite long” Is a dependent clause  “It was absorbing” which is after the comma is an independent clause  Ex: because it was expensive,we were not able to buy the car.  Subordinating conjunction is “because” and dependent clause is everything before comma which is “because it was expensive”  “We were no able to buy the car” is a independent clause  Ex: the player, who ran the wrong way,misunderstood the signal.  There is no subordinating conjunction but a relative pronoun, “who”  There are two half independent clauses,one at the beginning,one at the end with a nonessential dependent clause in the middle

8. Compound-complex sentence  A compound-complex sentence is a sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause  It is a combinations of a compound sentence and a complex sentence  2 independent clauses may be joined by..  1)Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) Independent clause,and independent clause  2)Conjunctive adverbs Independent clause ;therefore independent clause  A dependent (subordinate) clause may be introduced by..  1)Subordinating conjunction(adverb clause) Dependent clause, independent clause or independent clause dependent clause  2)Relative pronouns(adjective clause) ½ independent clause, dependent clause, ½ independent or ½ independent clause dependent clause ½ independent  3)relative pronouns, subordinating or adverbs (noun clause)

9. Compound-complex sentence  Ex: While tom reads novels, Jack reads comics, but Sam reads only magazines.  Dependent clause is “While Tom reads novels”  “Jack reads comics” and “Sam reads only magazines” are independent clauses  Ex: Tom reads novels, but Jack reads comics because books are too difficult.  Independent clauses are “Tom reads novels” and “Jack reads comics”  dependent clause is “because books are difficult”  Ex: Jack,who reads comics, rarely reads novels; however, Tom enjoys novels.  Independent clause is “Jack rarely reads novels” and “tom enjoys novels”  Dependent clause is “who reads comics”  Ex: People who read comics rarely read novels; they often find books difficult.  Independent clause are “people rarely read novels” and “they often find books difficult”  Dependent clause is “who read comics”

10. Cited sources  "Welcome to the Purdue OWL." Purdue OWL: Sentence Variety. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013.  "Kinds of Sentences AndTheir Punctuation." KINDS OF SENTENCES AND THEIR PUNCTUATION. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013.  "English Composition 1." ENG 1001: Sentences: Simple, Compound, and Complex. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013  "Common Menu Bar Links." Simple Sentences. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013.