2. Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 47 Topic: How to Use a Microscope Essential Question: What can happen if you break the GOLDEN RULE of microscopes? How to Use a Microscope What can happen if you break the GOLDEN RULE of microscopes?

3. Introduction to the Microscope

4. Always carry with 2 hands Only use lens paper for cleaning Do not force knobs Always store covered Keep objects clear of desk and cords

5. Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nosepiece Body/Arm Objective Lens Stage Stage Clips Coarse Focus Fine Focus Base Diaphragm/Light Adjust Light

6. Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nosepiece Body/Arm Objective Lenses Stage Stage Clips Coarse Focus Fine Focus Base Diaphragm/ Light Adjust Light Objective Lenses Inclination joint

7. Next > Guidelines for Using the Light Microscope Microscopes are expensive instruments. They must be handled with care in order to avoid damage. Keep the instrument in a box or under a cover when not in use. Use only the supporting arm of the microscope to lift it.

8. 1. Always start with the low powered objective lens (short) 2. Place slide on stage- clip in 3. Turn coarse focus knob all the way down (big knob) 4. Focus until clear using both focus knobs 5. Change magnification if necess.

9. THE GOLDEN RULE 6. When using High power, NEVER EVER touch the coarse (big) focus knob

10. Next > Total Magnification If a ×10 objective lens is used, assuming the eye piece magnification is ×10, the total magnification of the image will be (×10) × (×10) = ×100. Eyepiece x Objective= TOTAL Magnification

11. Next > Select the Lowest Power Objective Lens Use the short lens first!!!!! It is normal practice to look at a specimen at the lowest available resolution first, then to look more closely at the specimen under a higher resolution.

12. Next > Placing the Slide on the Stage Place the slide on the stage, so that the specimen is over the middle of the hole on the stage. Make sure that light is shining through it and then secure it in place with the clips.

13. Next > Lowering the Objective Lens Look at the stage and the slide from the side. Then lower the objective lens using the coarse focus dial. Lower the lens until it is about 5 mm above the slide. This is to ensure that the slide is not crushed and damaged by the objective lens.

14. Next > Getting the Specimen into Focus Looking through the microscope eye piece, use the coarse focus dial to move the objective lens slowly upwards (never downward, as you could easily crush and break the slide). Do this until the specimen comes into focus. Try to keep both eyes open. This will help to prevent eye strain and headaches.

15. Next > Adjusting the Diaphragm The diaphragm can be adjusted to let different amounts of light through the specimen. This is because specimens vary in thickness. Finding the amount of light that produces the best viewing results for each specimen is often a matter of trial and error.

16. Next > Minor Focusing Adjustments The fine focus dial alters the height of the stage more accurately than the coarse focus dial. You may need to make minor adjustments to the objective lens using the fine focus dial to get your specimen into sharp focus.

17. Next > Biological Drawings There are two main reasons why it is useful to make drawings of biological specimens: As a way of studying the specimen in more detail As a record of what you have seen

18. Follow steps to focus using low power Click the nosepiece to the longest objective Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide What can you find on your slide?

19. 1. Raise coarse focus knob all the way up 2. Center the low power objective (short lens) 3. Remove slide 4. Lower coarse focus all the way down 5. Unplug cord 6. Wrap cord 7. Put cover back on

20. What are you looking at? Sordaria= fungus Volvox= green algae Rbizopus w.m.= bread mold Human sperm smear= sperm Zea Mays Stem = corn stem Allium Root Tip = onion root tip Epithelia= simple cuboidal kidney tubules Spirogyra Vegatative = Green algae Tilia Stem = type of tree stem Plasmodium Falciparum= Protozoan Parasite that causes Malaria in humans Diatom= algae Lilium leaf= Lilly leaf Fasciola Hepatica- Parasitic flatworm that infects the liver and causes “liver rot”