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Refraction of light through a Convex Lens
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Lens diagram a cross section through the centre plane.
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Simple convex (curves outwards) lens
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Simple concave (curves inwards) lens
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Convex lens Concave lens
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Lens is in a vertical plane, straight up and down on the page.
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Lens Air
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Light ray
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Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to vertical lens
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Extension of right ray Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to vertical lens
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Extension of right ray Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to vertical lens
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Centre line of the lens Extension of right ray Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to vertical lens
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Extension of right ray Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to vertical lens Centre line of the lens
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Right angle to the centre line of the lens Extension of right ray Light ray is horizontal (at a right angle) to vertical lens Centre line of the lens
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The perpendicular
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Right angle to the surface of the lens
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Centre line of the lens
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Perpendicular to the centre line of the lens, passing through the centre point of the lens Centre line of the lens
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Light ray
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The focus or focal point
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F Focus
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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F
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FF
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FF
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FF
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F
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F
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F Focal length Focus
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This distance from the centre of the lens to the focus point, will be given to you as a point on a diagram or a measurement such as 3cm. F Focal length Focus
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F Focal length Focus
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F Focal length Focus
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2 x focal length F Focal length Focus
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2 x focal length F Focal length Focus
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2 x focal length FF2F2 Focal length Focus
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2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 Focal length Focus
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Focal length 2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 Focus
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Focal length 2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 Focal length Focus
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Focal length 2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 Focal length Focus
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Focal length 2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 Focal length Focus
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Focal length 2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 F1F1 Focal length Focus
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Focal length 2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 F1F1 Focal length Focus
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Focal length 2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 F1F1 Focal length 2 x focal length Focus
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Focal length 2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 F1F1 Focal length 2 x focal length Focus
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Focal length 2 x focal length F1F1 F2F2 F1F1 F2F2 Focal length 2 x focal length Focus
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 Object located beyond 2 focal lengths (F 2 )
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 Light rays converge at this point.
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 A real image is formed. A real image can be projected onto a screen.
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 The image is inverted (up-side down) and smaller than the original object.
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 When the object is located beyond 2 focal lengths (F 2 )
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 The image created is real, inverted and smaller than the original object.
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 When the object is located beyond 2 focal lengths (F 2 ) The image created is real, inverted and smaller than the original object. The rays converge between 1 and 2 focal lengths
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 Other rays can be added from different points on the object
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 These extra rays all converge at the same point between 1 and 2 focal lengths.
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 These extra rays are unnecessary for our purposes.
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2 Draw rays only from the top point of your object. This will keep your diagram simple and easy to understand
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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F1F1 F1F1 F2F2 F2F2
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