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The Physics of Musical Instruments
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Musical Instruments Rely on standing waves within a string or an air column Three basic types: Strings Closed pipes Open pipes
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Standing Waves If reflected waves have the same amplitude, frequency and velocity of the original waves, standing waves are formed. They do not move through a medium, but vibrate in loops.
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Standing Waves Node: Point of no vibration Antinode: Point of maximum vibration Simplest standing wave for any instrument is called its fundamental frequency
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Fundamental Frequencies
λ stands for lambda, the symbol for wavelength Strings: ½ λ Pipes: ¼ λ As the frequency increases, harmonics are created (a harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the signal) Notes are changed by changing length of tube or string
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String Harmonics
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Closed Pipe Harmonics
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Open Pipe Harmonics
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