1. Structure of the Atom Atom: basic building block of all matter Three subatomic particles: proton, neutron and electron e-: -1 atomic mass unit (amu) =1/1836 found outside of nucleus Nucleons: Particles found in nucleus( the word means center the mass of the atom found here) Neutron=neutral (no charge), amu=1 Proton=+1charge, amu =1

2. Ion=charged particle, this means that the number of protons and e-is not equal Ex: an ion has 10neutrons, 14 protons and 12 e-, whats the charge? What does your answer mean? *ALL ELEMENTS ARE CONSIDERED ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL UNLESS STATED

3. Isotope=the same element with different number of neutrons in the nucleus Ex#1 Ex#2 Write two more isotopes for:

4. Concept of Atomic Mass First, relative weights were used (Hydrogen found as the smallest mass and C found to be 12 x that of Hydrogen) Note: on Ref. Table why carbon-12 is the key Atomic Mass or Mass #: number of protons + the # of neutrons “A” Ex. Carbon-14

5. Atomic # + # of protons or the # of e-if electrical neutral “Z” Ex. Carbon-14 Number of neutrons in an atom =atomic mass – atomic# or A-Z

6. Tell me the # of protons, neutrons and e- for the following: 1. Gold 2. Hydrogen + 3. Oxygen -2

7. Modern Theory of Light From the Bohr Model we have the e-’s getting excited and going from the ground state to the excited state and than falling releasing energy in the form of light The Modern Model tells us the nucleus is + surrounded by a cloud of – charges We developed the Modern Theory of light that states that light exist as both waves and particles

8. Draw a wave Lambda( )= a wavelength peak to peak or valley to valley Electromagnetic Radiation: waves of energy Gamma rays, x-ray, ultraviolet light, visible light, microwaves and radio waves.

10. Continuous Spectrum (rainbow) white light through a prism produces colors ROYGBIV Violet=shortest wavelength but greatest amt of energy Red =longest wavelength and least amt of energy

11. Bright Line Spectrum: each element has its own fingerprints. The colors are produced when the e- goes from ground state to the excited state and fall emitting light Quanta=light exist as bundles of energy Ex: Hydrogen Bright Line Spectra

12. Emission spectrum of hydrogen - YouTube