1. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances / Anatomy Normal Radiographic Appearances / Anatomy - Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD, MPH Assistant Professor Division of Oral Diagnosis, Medicine and Radiology ODM 820 Spring 2009

2. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Diagnosis vs. Interpretation

3. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Diagnosis is the responsibility of the clinician caring for the patient.

4. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Interpretation is the result of evaluation of specific circumscribed tests or investigative procedures, such as radiology, and may be carried out by a specialist or the clinician caring for the patient.

5. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Diagnosis (dia: through; gnosis: knowledge) is the result of gathering knowledge via the history, clinical examination, and any other investigative procedures that are deemed necessary.

6. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances It is possible that the radiologic interpretation may seem to provide all of the information that is needed for the diagnosis...

7. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances …but it must still be correlated with the clinical findings before a diagnosis is made.

8. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Terminology is of importance. It will guide us in organizing our thoughts, allow us to search for information that we need, explain this to our patients, and communicate accurately with our colleagues.

9. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Radiolucent An adjective used to describe any substance (part of the patient) that readily permits the transmission of x rays.

10. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Radiopaque An adjective used to describe any substance (part of the patient) that blocks the transmission of x rays.

11. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Note Both adjectives refer to the object not the image on the radiograph. The terms are relative. Bone is more radiopaque than soft tissue, but more radiolucent than enamel.

12. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Density An adjective used to describe the ability of the film (or part of the film) to block the transmission of light. In other words, it refers to the “blackness” of all or part of the film.

13. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Contrast The difference in density of two neighboring areas on the radiograph (usually determined using a stepwedge).

14. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Detail The visibility of the fine structure in the image of the object under investigation.

15. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Definition The sharpness of the image of the fine structure of the object under investigation.

16. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Relative Radiopacities/Radiolucencies Most Radiopaque Most Radiolucent Metal (restorations, suture, bullet fragments) Radiopaque white restorations and cements Enamel Dentin Cementum Cortical Bone Cancellous Bone Calculus, dystrophic calcification Soft tissues (including normal cartilage) Body Fluids Radiolucent white restorations and cements Fat Air

17. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic AppearancesCement Metal (Amalgam) Enamel Dentin Cementum Soft tissue (Pulp) Soft tissue (Periodontal ligament) ligament) Soft tissue (Gingiva) Air Cortical bone Cancellous bone

18. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Radiographic Appearances ofTeeth

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23. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Pulp Chamber And Root Canal

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25. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Alveolar Process andAlveoli

26. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Alveolarprocess Alveolus Basal bone

27. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Lamina Dura

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31. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Periodontal Ligament Space

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40. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD Normal Radiographic Appearances Crest of the Alveolar Process

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44. Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD CONCLUSIONS