1. Plant Form
Chapter 36

2. Plant Classes Seed producing plants: Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Dicotyledons (dicots)
Monocotyledons (monocots)

3. Plant Classes

4. Plant Body Organization
All vascular plants consist of:
Root system
Shoot system

5. 3 basic tissue types
Ground
Dermal
Vascular

6. Plant Growth is limited. Growth and development of adult plants is
Adult cell growth
is limited.
Growth and
development of
adult plants is
dependent on
specialized
cells called
meristems.

7. Apical Meristem
Located at tips of stems and roots.

8. Lateral Meristem Produce wood and bark in trees and bushes – called
secondary growth.

9. Vascular Tissue - Xylem
Main water-transportation tissue
Also transports dissolved minerals, NO3 and PO4.
Provides stem support.

10. Vascular Tissue - Phloem
Principal food-conducting tissue in vascular plants
Carries glucose and starch created during photosynthesis

11. Roots Four regions are commonly recognized: Root cap
Zone of cell division
Zone of elongation
Zone of maturation

12. Stages in the differentiation of plant tissues

13. Modified Roots Most plants produce either/or:
Taproot system – single large root with small branch roots
Fibrous root system – many small roots of similar diameter
Some plants, however, produce modified roots with specific functions
Adventitious roots arise from any place other than the plant’s root

14. Prop roots
Aerial roots
Buttress roots
Pneumatophores
Water storage roots

15. Stems Undergo growth from cell division in apical and lateral stems
Shoot apical meristem cells create stem tissue as well as leaves, other shoots, and flowers.

16. Parts of the Stem

17. Eudicot (Dicot) stem
Monocot stem

18. Leaves Principal site of photosynthesis
Expand by cell division and cell enlargement
Growth stops at maturity

19. Leaf Structure Cuticle Epidermis Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll
Vascular bundles
Guard cells
Stoma

20. Modified Leaves
Insectivorous
Bracts
Reproductive
Spines