2. Visual Impairments Team: Christina Frydrych, Leslie Pachol Fall 2007

3. Normal Vision

4. Central Visual Field Loss

5. Heminanopsia

6. Tunnel Vision

7. Anatomy of the Eye

8. Reduced Peripheral Acuity

9. Reduced Visual Acuity

10. Reduced Visual Fields

11. Central Visual Field Loss and Reduced Visual Acuity

12. Combined Central Visual Field Loss and Reduced Visual Acuity

13. No Vision

14. Causes of Visual Impairments Birth defects Diseases (diabetes, macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa) Accidents (sports, car collisions)

15. Statistics - Blind and VI National Institute of Health says: VI - 3.3 million Americans aged 40+ 54% of cases caused by macular degeneration VI – projected to affect 5.5 million Americans by 2020 69% of blind are people ages 80+ 1/1000 school age children are VI and 10% of 1/1000 are blind American Foundation for the Blind says: 10 million blind and VI Americans 55,200 legally blind children in US 93,600 blind or VI students served by special education (10,800 of whom are deaf-blind) Every seven minutes, someone becomes blind or VI in the US.

16. Types of Assistive Technologies Lighting Adaptations Vision screenings and eyeglasses Personal assistants Image enlargers Auditory materials Tactile learning Additional instruction

17. Lighting Adaptations Can you easily read this?

18. Lighting Adaptations Increase contrast of print materials Color highlighting of print materials Lighting modifications in classroom

19. Vision Screenings

20. Personal Assistants

21. Image Enlargers Zoom Text Overhead projector Telesensory machine ($2,695)Telesensory machine Copy machine with zoom Large print materials Jaws CCTV

22. Portable CCTV 3X to 18X magnification Battery operated Full color 4.3” viewing area Can take notes Battery life = 4 to 7 hrs Weighs 8.8 oz. Cost - $729.95

23. Auditory Materials Voice recorder Kurzweil 3000 software Screen readers Audio books Talking products and tools 1932 – First talking books

24. Talking Products Watch - $34.95 Spanish Calculator - $12.95 Tape Measure - $119.95 Dictionary - $114.95 Glucose Meter - $30.95 Microwave - $369.95

25. Talking Reading Machine Reads 3 pages/minute Scans Copies Commands are start and stop Weighs < 9 lbs Available in several languages Cost - $2,295

26. Tactile Education Braille Raised maps Use of real objects Raised dot dominos - $14 Braille ruler - $4.95

27. Braille Note Taker and Printer Functions of Note Taker: Takes notes Word processing E-mail Web browser MP3 player Digital audio recorder Cost - $5,495 Romeo Attaché – printer

28. Additional Instruction Daily living skills Career development Reading and writing Social skills Use of the person’s functional vision Use of assistive technologies Mentorship from adults with VI

29. Public Programs Division of Rehabilitation Services (DORS) Bookshare Blind Industries and Services of Maryland (BISM)Blind Industries and Services of Maryland (BISM) National Federation of the Blind (NFB) Maryland School for the Blind Maryland Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped

30. Issues High unemployment rate High cost of assistive technologies Silent hybrid cars Teaching Braille in public schools Other Issues??

31. Group Exercises 1.Read Braille. 2.Listen, take notes, take quiz. 3.Listen, don’t take notes and answer math word problems. 4.Walk upstairs to the snack machine and purchase M&Ms and pretzels.

32. Educational Strategies Audio materials Tape record lectures Large print materials Tactile teaching Adjust classroom lighting High contrast paper and type face Alternate test formats Longer time to take exams

33. POP QUIZ !! Name two diseases that can cause blindness. Name two ways you can prevent children’s eyes from damage during sports. Name three types of assistive technologies to help children with low vision. Name three educational strategies that you might use in the future.

34. REFERENCES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmcUsd-eZ0Q http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOmg0Lp9500 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csM8qJSo7pQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjnVOnr2g4Y American Foundation for the Blind. 3 Nov. 2007 http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?sectionid=15http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?sectionid=15 B.I.S.M. 19 Nov. 2007 http://bism.org/r_youth_TEMP.cfm Bookshare. 19 Nov. 2007 http://www.bookshare.org/web/SupportAboutUs.html#2http://www.bookshare.org/web/SupportAboutUs.html#2 Cook Library at TU Council For Exceptional Children. 2 Nov. 2007 http://www.cec.sped.org//AM/Template.cfm?Section=Homehttp://www.cec.sped.org//AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home DORS. 19 Nov. 2007 http://www.dors.state.md.us/DORS/ProgramServices/Business3/OBVS_Programs/http://www.dors.state.md.us/DORS/ProgramServices/Business3/OBVS_Programs/ Foundation Fighting Blindness. 3 Nov. 2007 http://www.blindness.org/content.asp?id=45>http://www.blindness.org/content.asp?id=45 The Foundation for Fighting Blindness. 3 Nov. 2007 www.blindness.orgwww.blindness.org Harbor Hospital. 8 April 2005. 2 Nov. 2007 http://http://www.harborhospital.org/11066.cfmhttp://http://www.harborhospital.org/11066.cfm Learning Sight and Sound Made Easier. 19 Nov. 2007. 2 Nov 2007 http://http://www.lssproducts.com/http://http://www.lssproducts.com/ Librivox. 19 Nov. 2007. 11 Nov. 2007 http://librivox.org Maryland Department of Disabilities. 11 Nov. 2007 www.mdtap.orgwww.mdtap.org Magnisight. 3 Nov. 2007 http://www.magnisight.com/products.htmhttp://www.magnisight.com/products.htm Maryland School for the Blind. 11 Nov. 2007 http://www.mdschblind.org.htmlhttp://www.mdschblind.org.html National Braille Press, Inc. 19 Nov. 2007 <www.nbp.orgwww.nbp.org National Federation of the Blind. 29 Oct. 2007 http://www.nfb.orghttp://www.nfb.org National Institute of Health. 24 Oct. 2006. 13 Nov. 2007 < http://nihseniorhealth.gov/agerelatedmaculardegeneration/agerelatedmaculardegenerationdefined/01.html http://nihseniorhealth.gov/agerelatedmaculardegeneration/agerelatedmaculardegenerationdefined/01.html National Institute of Health Senior Health. 17 Nov. 2007 http://nihseniorhealth.gov/agerelatedmaculardegenerationhttp://nihseniorhealth.gov/agerelatedmaculardegeneration Telesensory. 11 Nov. 2007 http://www.telesensory.com/vertex/vertex.htmlhttp://www.telesensory.com/vertex/vertex.html The University of Washington Department of Ophthalmology. 1 Jan. 2004. 19 Nov. 2007 http://depts.washington.edu/ophthweb/statistics.html http://depts.washington.edu/ophthweb/statistics.html TU Disabled Student Services unit