1. PRONUNCIATION RULES
FOR LATIN

2. THE ROMAN ALPHABET
Our alphabet is the Roman alphabet with three additional letters
The Romans took this alphabet from the Phoenicians

3. Compare: In ENGLISH: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
ABCDEFGHI*KLMNOPQRST*V*XYZ
The Latin alphabet omits: J, U, W
However, we will see the U utilized

4. PRONUNCIATION
Nearly every sound in Latin has an equivalent sound in English.
The pronunciation rules are rather constant.
Everything is pronounced (no silent letters).

5. VOWELS

6. VOWELS

7. DIPTHONGS

8. Long and Short Vowels How can you tell if a vowel is long or short?
Answer:
if it is marked with a macron
or before: -nf, -ns, -nx, -nct, -gn, -sco
THEN IT IS LONG

9. It will be short if:
it is not marked with a macron
it is before another vowel
it is before an “h”
it is before: -nd, -nt, -ss
it is before the following if they are the last letter in a word: -m, -r, -t.

10. SEMIVOWELS The letter “I” is used as both a vowel and a consonant.
As a consonant it is pronounced like a “y” in English.
E.g.: ius, iam
“V” was also used as a “U” and a “V”. However, we will use both letters.

11. CONSONANTS