1. Telecommunication Networks

2. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

3. What is Telecom ? Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. It is the technology of transferring information over a distance.

4. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Information 1. Information can be of several type:  Audio – Telephone  Text - Telegraph, email, SMS  Pictures – Picture attachments  Video – Clipping over internet  Data – ATM to bank. 2. The same telecom technology/service cannot communicate all the types of information.

5. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Thrust areas in Telecom Customer premises equipment. Access Network Transmission Switching Computerization

6. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Communication – Fixed Lines Telephone Exchanges Subscriber Line (2W) Inter-Exchange Junction Subscriber Line (2W)

7. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Communication - Mobile Telephone Exchange Subscriber Line (2W) Inter-Exchange Junction Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) BSCBTS MS

8. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Sub Access Network MDF Primary CABINET PILLARS Secondary Distribution DP Drop wire

9. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center NETWORK DIAGRAM OF CDMA / WLL SYSTEM PSTN BSC ( V5.2 OR R2/NO.7 ) BTS FAX FWT 2 Mbps DIGITAL LINK.. MS 2 Mbps DIGITAL LINK Telecom Network BTS BSC : Base Station Controller MSC : Mobile Switching Centre FWT : Fixed Wireless Terminal at subscriber premises. MS : Mobile Station

10. Today Separate Service Networks IP Networks PLMN PSTN/ISDN Services Separate Access Transport & Switching Networks

11. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center PSTN model Vs NGN model Voice Network IP Network Video Network Storage Network IP Network (for Voice, Data & Video) Dedicated Network per service Large Invest Multiple technologies / Knowledge Convergence technologies Cost reduction One Protocol, one Knowledge Voice Data Video Storage voice Data Video Storage

12. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center PSTN model Vs NGN model Voice Network IP Network Video Network Storage Network IP Network (for Voice, Data & Video) Dedicated Network per service Large Invest Multiple technologies / Knowledge Convergence technologies Cost reduction One Protocol, one Knowledge Voice Data Video Storage voice Data Video Storage

13. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center One network for everything TodayTomorrow Telephone network Mobile radio network IP-Network Multimedia Access - Advantages: easy to handle reliable mobile Internet Transition to NGN: Third wave

14. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Outdoor Plant

15. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Purpose of External Plant To provide connectivity between CPE & Switch. Advantages of copper over wireless.  Dedicated channel for each customer  More bandwidth than wireless.

16. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Local Loop Signaling and Switching system A Typical Public Switched Telephone Network

17. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center E X C H A N G E PILLARS DP BOX PILLARS IN PILLARS OUT MDF Line Side MDF Exchange Side Pillar 125 DP TAG No EXCG Equip No. CPE MDF vertical-> Pillar In(hardwired), Pillar Out-> DP TAG No.(Hardwired) Outdoor Plant Schematic Pictureork Jumper Drop-Pair

18. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center C-DOT Switch

19. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center MDF (Main Distribution Frame)

20. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center PILLAR Pillar/Cabinet

21. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center DP (Distribution Point)

22. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Customer Premises Equipment

23. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Rosette Line Jack Unit (LJU)

24. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

25. Types of Dialing Decadic or Pulse Dialing DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) or Tone dialing.

26. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center DTMF

27. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Comparison of two types of dialing Decadic The interruption rate or the dialing rate is generally 10 Hz. Time taken for Decadic dialing varies with the digits dialed (for dialing '0' maximum time is required) On an average, it is possible to dial typically 0.8 digits/sec. DTMF Time taken to dial any digit is constant and it is possible to dial typically 7 digits/sec.. Thus, DTMF is almost 10 times faster.

28. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Electronic ringer Piezo electric transducer

29. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

30. THE CLASSIFICATION OF UNDERGROUND CABLES Jelly Filled cable Paper Core Cable.

31. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center Jelly Filled Telephone Cables Conductor: Solid plain anneated high conductivity copper wire of nominal diameter 0.32, 0.4, 0.50, 0.63, 0.90 mm Insulation: Solid or Foam skin extruded polyethylene insulation grade stabilized. 100 % vergin material and colored as per requirement. Pair: Two insulated conductors of specified colors twisted together with pre-determined lay to form a pair. The cross talk is minimized.

32. Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center