2. Northern Factories  Swift Rivers=Ideal location for water powered factories  Access to resources (coal, lumber, etc) allow for mass production of products  Industrial Revolution provides interchangeable parts and machines allowing for larger and more productive factories

3. Northern Transportation  Erie Canal connected Great Lakes to Hudson River (big success)  North had 5,000 miles of track by 1850 compared to 2,000 miles in the south  Canals and railroads allowed northern businesses to grow and move products west.

4. Northern Cities  Increase in factories led to expansion of Northern Cities  Ex. NY population 1800= 60,000 Vs 1850=515,000  Many northern left farms for jobs in factories leading to overcrowding  Large migration of European immigrants to northern cities and the west increased size and decreased living conditions.

7. Southern Agriculture  Slow-moving rivers=ideal for transportation, terrible for factories  Warm climate and rich soil made south ideal for various crops (Tobacco, Rice, Cotton)  Focus on agriculture leads to slower growing cities and less need for railroads.

10. The South & King Cotton  Cotton gin led to mass production of cotton in the south  “Cotton Belt”-an area from South Carolina to east Texas  Became worlds number one consumer commodity (item produced to satisfy wants and needs)  Made the south into a global trade power  Northern factories and foreign countries depended on southern cotton

12. Southern Society  Only 1/3 of white southerners owned slaves  Yeomen-  A white southern who owned a small farm had to work in the fields, possibly had slaves  Made up a large portion of the southern population  Most were uneducated since the south did not provide organized schooling like the north

14. Southern Planters  Made up a very small portion of the southern population (less than 10%)  Controlled very profitable plantations with 20 slaves or more  Controlled both the economic and political power of the south (aristocracy)  Educated their children in private or northern schools  Controlled both the growth of cotton and the slave trade