1. The video and narration in this presentation concerns the Female Reproductive System and uses explicit graphics and terminology dealing with this subject matter. Some material may not be suitable for younger viewers. Warning!

2. Chapter 27 Female Reproductive System Lecture 19 Part 2: Internal/External Accessory Sex Organs Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Ninth Edition Marieb  Hoehn

3. 3 Female Internal Accessory Organs Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

4. 4 Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes Segments of the uterine tube: - Infundibulum contains fimbriae (inner surfaces lined with cilia that beat toward center) - Ampulla (middle, muscular segment) - Isthmus (segment connected to the uterine wall) Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Oocytes are transported by - ciliary action - peristalsis (Parasympathetic NS activity a few hours before ovulation) Takes about 4 days for an oocyte to travel from the infundibulum to the uterine cavity Fertilization usually occurs around here Fallopian tube = salpinx [salping(o)-]

5. 5 Lining of Uterine Tubes Tall ciliated columnar epithelial cells with interspersed mucin-secreting cells. Tubes contain glycoproteins and lipids Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

6. 6 Uterus (hyster(o)-) Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 - Mechanical protection (fetus) - Nutritional support (fetus) - Waste removal (fetus) - Ejection of fetus at birth Cervical mucous prevents spread of bacteria from vagina to uterus

7. 7 Uterine Wall Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Smooth muscle of myometrium is arranged in longitudinal, circular, and oblique layers Under the influence of estrogen, uterine glands, blood vessels, and epithelium in the functional zone of the endometrium change with the phases of the uterine (menstrual) cycle

8. 8 Vagina Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Major functions: - Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids - Receives penis and holds sperm prior to passage into uterus - Inferior portion of birth canal for fetal delivery Acidity of vagina protects adults from bacterial infections

9. 9 Female External Reproductive Organs Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Includes the structures external to the vagina: - mons pubis - labia majora and minora - clitoris - vestibular structures Opening of ducts of greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s) – mucous secretions Perineum Female external genitalia = pudendum or vulva Know the terms on this slide anterior posterior

10. 10 The Deep Female Perineum Figure from: Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology, McGraw Hill, 2007

11. 11 Erection, Lubrication, and Orgasm Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

12. 12 Review Female internal accessory organs –Uterus Anteflexed muscular organ that will hold developing fetus Body –Fundus is furthest away from vagina –Perimetrium –Myometrium (thick smooth muscle layer) –Endometrium (Functional zone, basilar zone) –Uterine (fallopian) tubes Infundibulum (contains fimbriae) Ampulla (thick muscular wall) Isthmus (connection with uterus) Fertilization usually occurs in the ampulla/isthmus boundary Lined with cilia; smooth muscle to capture released oocyte Nutrient-rich environment (lipids and glycogen)

13. 13 Review Female internal accessory organs (continued) –Vagina Elastic, muscular tube between cervix and vestibule Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids Receives penis and holds sperm prior to passage into uterus Inferior portion of birth canal for fetal delivery Maintains an acidic environment (in adults) to prevent infections Parasympathetic stimulation – expansion and elongation during sexual stimulation Vestibular glands along sides of vagina secrete mucus to lubricate the vaginal lumen

14. 14 Review Female External Genitalia –Entire area is the vulva or pudendum –Mons pubis, labia majora –Labia minora, vestibule –Anterior to posterior: clitoris, urethra, vaginal entrance –Bartholin’s glands (greater vestibular); ducts open just posterior to vaginal entrance –Skene’s glands (paraurethral, lesser vestibular); ducts open posterior to urethral meatus

15. 15 Review Perineum –Diamond-shaped area of the trunk between the thighs and buttocks extending from the pubis to the coccyx (between ischial tuberosities) –Shallow compartment lying between this diamond shaped area and the pelvic floor (formed by pelvic diaphragm) –Male perineum contains: penis, scrotum, anus –Female perineum contains: vulva, anus