1. I300 4/9/2009

3. DRC: Democratic Republic of the Congo FARDC: National Army of Congo MONUC: UN peacekeeping mission FDLR: Rwandan Hutu rebel group RCD: Congolese Tutsi group supported by Rwanda during 2 nd Congo War CNDP: Militia formed by Laurent Nkunda out of some remnants of RCD Mai Mai: local (largely defensive) militias

4. Conflict in Congo began in 1994 following Rwandan genocide 1996-1997: [1 st Congo War] Laurent Kabila (with assistance of Kagame and others) overthrew Mobutu and changed name of country from Zaire to DRC 1998: breakdown of relations between Rwanda and DRC; RCD emerged in Kivu 1998-2003: 2 nd Congo War/Great War of Africa 2001: Assassination of Laurent Kabila

5.  Following Sun City agreement, RCD was to be integrated into National Army. Hardliners (largely Tutsi) refused; led by Nkunda. Feared they would lose political leverage.  FDLR remained active  In 2006, Nkunda re-emerged as leader of CNDP  In 2007, mixage process broke down

6.  Joint Rwandan and Congolese military operations against the FDLR began in January  Laurent Nkunda has been arrested  Rwanda has pulled out of eastern Congo  CNDP is a legal party

7. It is May 12 th 2009, North Kivu exists in a state of uneasy peace. FDLR forces still remain in the “bush” but observers have suggested that at least 6,000 of them have regrouped under the leadership of Murwanashyaka and that they are actively planning to retake their former headquarters of Kibua and Kalonge. Despite the indictment from the International Criminal Court, President Kabila has refused to arrest Bosco Ntaganda. The good news is that the mixage process has seemed to have gone fairly smoothly and the CNDP is currently recognized as a political party. Furthermore, it appears the Ntaganda has enjoyed his new position as a General in the National Army to gain control of some of the province’s gold, tin, and coltan mines. However, international observers are warning that should the FDLR insurgency reactivate, Ntaganda may defect from the agreement with the government. Finally, there has been very little resettlement of displaced persons; by some estimates nearly 1 million North Kivuns remain in refugee camps. As the current chairman of the African Union, Muammar al-Qaddafi has summoned the interested parties to Tripoli. All parties are guaranteed safe passage (Ntaganda will not be arrested). Qadaffi has openly stated that he hopes that the meeting will result in the “Tripoli Peace Accords” that will demonstrate the legitimacy of the African Union as an International body.

8. Today you should: define your goals for this negotiation, identify your BATNA, identify and evaluate the strategies available to you, and decide as a group on the proper course of action. At 5, you will present your preferences regarding the details of the agreement. You are free to reveal your preferences in a strategic (as opposed to honest) way. You may choose to reveal your broader, underlying goals. Keeping in mind: BATNA, Prisoner’s Dilemma, Principal-Agent Problem, Credible Commitments, Trustworthiness, Zero-Sum Game, Positional Bargaining, Monitoring, Stag-Hunt, Focal Point, The Tragedy of the Commons, Bureaucracy, Informational Asymmetry, Concessions, Bounded Awareness, Imperfect information, Sacred Values, Bargaining/Negotiating Power, “Fixed-Pie”