1. Class Slides Set 21 Tools and Technologies I Introduction: Basic Terms / Basic Types

2. Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler

3. Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler

4. http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo/glossary.htm

5. Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" keratic = "horn" osteodontokeratic

6. Glossary osteo = "bone" osteodontokeratic

7. Harappa (c. 3300-2800 B.C.) p. 466

8. Magdalenian bone artifact. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 332.

9. Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" osteodontokeratic

10. http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/ask/a6.htm

11. Glossary osteo = "bone" donto = "tooth" keratic = "horn" osteodontokeratic

12. Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.

13. Devon Island, High Arctic Canada. http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html

14. Tools and Technologies lithic (stone) bone, tooth, horn / antler

15. Stone Tools and Technologies basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools

16. Stone Tools and Technologies basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools

17. Glossary tradition horizon

18. Glossary similarity of elements over considerable time in a delimited area –site, locality or region tradition

19. Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330. Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)

20. p. 330 Upper Paleolithic traditions (SW France)

21. Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

22. Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 132. Solutrean

23. Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

24. Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

25. Cultural periods of the European Upper Paleolithic. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

26. Source: Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 132. Magdalenian

27. http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html

28. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 331. Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.

29. Glossary tradition horizon

30. Glossary similarity of elements over a large area during a “short” time span horizon

31. Time line for New World Civililzations. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 479.

32. Glossary characteristic item that marks an identifiable horizon horizon marker

33. Toltec-style serpentine columns and Chacmool. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 491. Toltec serpentine columns Toltec chacmool

34. Glossary flake tools core tools

35. Glossary flake tools the smaller pieces struck off of a stone

36. Core and flake. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

37. Major types of North American Paleo-Indian projectile points. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 386. ClovisFolsomPlanoDalton

38. Burin. Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

39. Glossary what is left over after a flake has been struck off of a stone core

40. Core and flake. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

41. Stone Tools and Technologies basic types basic techniques of manufacture basic tool uses Upper Paleolithic traditions lithic tools

43. #1 pebble tools

44. Glossary rounded stone (pebble) struck with a similar stone (hammerstone), which creates a jagged edge, that serves as a chopping edge pebble tools aka “choppers”

45. Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 298. sometimes pebble tools are also known as “Oldowan choppers”

46. http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/oldowanstonetools.htm

47. #2 Core and flake tools are “bifacial handaxes”

48. Glossary Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes

49. Glossary Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes

50. bifacial handaxes Abbevillian aka “primitive” hand axes

51. http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/

52. Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 115.

54. Glossary Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes

55. Acheulean bifacial handaxes

56. Pleistocene Subdivisions, Archaeological Industries and Hominids. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 298.

57. Acheulian biface (“hand axe”). Richard Effland, Maricopa CollegeMaricopa College

59. Acheulian biface (“hand axe”). Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.

60. Acheulian tools, mainly hand axes, from Olorgesailie, Kenya. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 278.

61. Glossary Clactonian (flake) Acheulean (core) Abbevillian (core) Lower Paleolithic European and African bifacial hand axes

63. http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/w/x/wxk116/axe/

64. http://www.dartfordarchive.org.uk/early_history/magnified/clactonian_flake_tools.html

65. #3 blade tools

66. Glossary a flake tool that is at least twice as long as it is wide a thin-edged fragment removed from a core blade tool

67. Burin. Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 330.

68. Solutrean blade. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 351.

69. http://lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/cloviswheredidcomefrompage2.htm

70. Glossary having a notched edge or sawlike teeth serrated

72. Glossary with a furrow or groove fluted

73. Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 112. fluting

74. #4 microliths

75. Glossary small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core “micro” = “small” “lith” = “stone” microliths

77. Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 213.

78. Glossary made of several parts e.g., harpoon, sickle, hammer... compound (composite)

81. European Mesolithic stone axe in its antler sleeve, Shaped to fit into the socket of a missing wooden handle. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 389.

82. Reconstruction of a Natufian gazelle horn reaping knife, with inset flint blades. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 393. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 393.

83. Glossary with a “handle” hafted

84. Clovis fluted points in simulated mountings. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 384.

85. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1766683.stm

86. Brian Fagan, People of the Earth, 10th ed., p. 106.

87. Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 114.

91. Glossary “spear thrower” (Nahuatl, Aztec) atlatl

92. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 331. Magdalenian Spear-thrower (atlatl). Note the carving.

94. #5 chopper copping and flake tools

95. Glossary “chopper-chopping [flake] tools”...

99. Movius Line

100. Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed, p. 334. Movius Line

101. To Class Slides Set 22 Next: Tools and Technologies II Making and Using Lithic Tools