1. The Cold War Begins US Policy in Europe, 1945-55

3. Truman Doctrine (1947)  Spark: Greek civil war  US would assist Greece and Turkey  Containment  Start of Cold War

4. Critical Thinking  Why did Truman focus on economic measures over military?

5. Containment Policy  George F. Kennan: American Diplomat  “Long Telegram”  Let Soviet Union defeat itself (or mellow)  Basis of Truman Doctrine

6. Marshall Plan (1947)  George Marshall, Secretary of State  European Recovery Program  US gives aid to Europe to help stave off appeal of communism  Even offered to Soviet bloc countries if they would make political reforms  US spent about $13 billion

8. Kennan on Containment 1.US must keep communism where it is a.Don’t remove it by force b.But don’t let it spread! 2.US must remain united; demonstrate resolve 3.Western Allies must stay united

9. Berlin Airlift (1948)  Soviets decide to cut off access to Berlin by land  Truman orders airlift to Berlin; lasts over a year  At height of airlift, one plane lands every minute  Soviets end blockade in May, 1949

11. The New Germanys (1949)  US, British and French areas become Federal Republic of Germany (BRD)  Soviet area becomes German Democratic Republic (DDR)

12. NATO (1949)  North Atlantic Treaty Organization  Collective security  West Germany joins in 1955

13. Warsaw Pact (1955)  Soviet answer to NATO  Soviet Union  Poland  East Germany  Bulgaria  Hungary  Romania  Albania

14. Critical Thinking  Do you think it would be possible to countries in Europe to resist taking sides in the Cold War?